Unit Tests für RAP Services: Validierungen, Actions und Determinations testen

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RAP

Veröffentlicht

15. Feb. 2026

Autor

Unit Tests sind für RAP Services unverzichtbar. Dieses Tutorial zeigt, wie du Validierungen, Actions und Determinations systematisch testest – mit vollständigen Code-Beispielen aus dem Flugbuchungs-Szenario.

Warum RAP Services testen?

RAP Services enthalten kritische Geschäftslogik:

Validierungen: Prüfen Datenkonsistenz vor dem Speichern
Actions: Führen Statuswechsel und Geschäftsprozesse aus
Determinations: Berechnen automatisch Werte

Ein Fehler in diesen Komponenten kann zu Dateninkonsistenzen oder Prozessfehlern führen. Unit Tests fangen diese Fehler frühzeitig ab.

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    RAP Business Object                       │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  ┌───────────────┐  ┌───────────────┐  ┌─────────────────┐ │
│  │ Determination │  │  Validation   │  │     Action      │ │
│  │ setDefaults() │  │ validateDate()│  │ confirmBooking()│ │
│  └───────┬───────┘  └───────┬───────┘  └────────┬────────┘ │
│          │                  │                    │          │
│          └──────────────────┼────────────────────┘          │
│                             │                               │
│                    ┌────────▼────────┐                      │
│                    │   Unit Tests    │                      │
│                    │  ltc_booking    │                      │
│                    └─────────────────┘                      │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Test-Setup für RAP

Grundstruktur einer RAP Test-Klasse

CLASS ltc_booking DEFINITION FINAL FOR TESTING
  DURATION SHORT
  RISK LEVEL HARMLESS.

  PRIVATE SECTION.
    CLASS-DATA mo_environment TYPE REF TO if_cds_test_environment.

    CLASS-METHODS class_setup.
    CLASS-METHODS class_teardown.

    METHODS setup.
    METHODS teardown.

    " Test-Methoden für Validierungen
    METHODS test_validate_flight_date_ok FOR TESTING.
    METHODS test_validate_flight_date_past FOR TESTING.
    METHODS test_validate_passenger_name FOR TESTING.

    " Test-Methoden für Actions
    METHODS test_confirm_booking FOR TESTING.
    METHODS test_cancel_booking FOR TESTING.

    " Test-Methoden für Determinations
    METHODS test_set_initial_status FOR TESTING.
    METHODS test_calculate_total_price FOR TESTING.
ENDCLASS.

CDS Test Environment einrichten

CLASS ltc_booking IMPLEMENTATION.

  METHOD class_setup.
    " CDS Test Environment für alle beteiligten Entitäten
    mo_environment = cl_cds_test_environment=>create_for_multiple_cds(
      i_for_entities = VALUE #(
        ( i_for_entity = 'ZI_FlightBooking' )
        ( i_for_entity = 'ZI_Flight' )
        ( i_for_entity = 'ZI_Passenger' )
      )
    ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD class_teardown.
    mo_environment->destroy( ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD setup.
    " Vor jedem Test: Testdaten zurücksetzen
    mo_environment->clear_doubles( ).

    " Abhängige Testdaten einfügen (Flüge, Passagiere)
    mo_environment->insert_test_data(
      i_data = VALUE zi_flight_tab(
        ( FlightId     = 'LH400'
          Carrier      = 'LH'
          Connection   = '0400'
          FlightDate   = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) + 30
          Price        = '450.00'
          Currency     = 'EUR'
          SeatsMax     = 200
          SeatsOccupied = 50 )
        ( FlightId     = 'LH401'
          Carrier      = 'LH'
          Connection   = '0401'
          FlightDate   = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) - 10
          Price        = '380.00'
          Currency     = 'EUR'
          SeatsMax     = 200
          SeatsOccupied = 200 )
      )
    ).

    mo_environment->insert_test_data(
      i_data = VALUE zi_passenger_tab(
        ( PassengerId = 'P001' FirstName = 'Max' LastName = 'Mustermann' )
        ( PassengerId = 'P002' FirstName = 'Lisa' LastName = 'Beispiel' )
      )
    ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD teardown.
    " Nach jedem Test: Transaktionen zurückrollen
    ROLLBACK ENTITIES.
  ENDMETHOD.

ENDCLASS.

Validierungen testen

Validierungen prüfen Geschäftsregeln und füllen FAILED und REPORTED bei Fehlern.

Test: Gültiges Flugdatum

METHOD test_validate_flight_date_ok.
  " GIVEN: Buchung mit Flugdatum in der Zukunft
  DATA lt_create TYPE TABLE FOR CREATE zi_flightbooking.
  lt_create = VALUE #(
    ( %cid        = 'B1'
      FlightId    = 'LH400'
      PassengerId = 'P001'
      FlightDate  = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) + 30
      SeatClass   = 'Y'
      Price       = '450.00'
      Currency    = 'EUR' )
  ).

  " WHEN: Buchung erstellen und committen
  MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
    ENTITY FlightBooking
      CREATE FROM lt_create
    MAPPED DATA(mapped)
    FAILED DATA(failed)
    REPORTED DATA(reported).

  COMMIT ENTITIES
    RESPONSE OF zi_flightbooking
    FAILED DATA(commit_failed)
    REPORTED DATA(commit_reported).

  " THEN: Keine Fehler erwartet
  cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_initial(
    act = commit_failed-flightbooking
    msg = 'Buchung mit gültigem Datum sollte erfolgreich sein'
  ).

  " Buchung wurde erstellt
  cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_not_initial(
    act = mapped-flightbooking
    msg = 'Buchung sollte erstellt worden sein'
  ).
ENDMETHOD.

Test: Flugdatum in der Vergangenheit

METHOD test_validate_flight_date_past.
  " GIVEN: Buchung mit Flugdatum in der Vergangenheit
  DATA lt_create TYPE TABLE FOR CREATE zi_flightbooking.
  lt_create = VALUE #(
    ( %cid        = 'B1'
      FlightId    = 'LH401'
      PassengerId = 'P001'
      FlightDate  = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) - 10
      SeatClass   = 'Y' )
  ).

  " WHEN: Buchung erstellen
  MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
    ENTITY FlightBooking
      CREATE FROM lt_create
    FAILED DATA(failed).

  COMMIT ENTITIES
    RESPONSE OF zi_flightbooking
    FAILED DATA(commit_failed)
    REPORTED DATA(commit_reported).

  " THEN: Validierung sollte fehlschlagen
  cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_not_initial(
    act = commit_failed-flightbooking
    msg = 'Buchung mit vergangenem Datum sollte fehlschlagen'
  ).

  " Fehlermeldung sollte vorhanden sein
  cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_not_initial(
    act = commit_reported-flightbooking
    msg = 'Fehlermeldung sollte vorhanden sein'
  ).

  " FlightDate-Feld sollte markiert sein
  cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_equals(
    exp = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
    act = commit_reported-flightbooking[ 1 ]-%element-FlightDate
    msg = 'FlightDate-Feld sollte als fehlerhaft markiert sein'
  ).
ENDMETHOD.

Test: Pflichtfeld-Validierung

METHOD test_validate_passenger_name.
  " GIVEN: Buchung ohne PassengerId
  DATA lt_create TYPE TABLE FOR CREATE zi_flightbooking.
  lt_create = VALUE #(
    ( %cid        = 'B1'
      FlightId    = 'LH400'
      PassengerId = ''         " Leer - Pflichtfeld!
      FlightDate  = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) + 30
      SeatClass   = 'Y' )
  ).

  " WHEN
  MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
    ENTITY FlightBooking
      CREATE FROM lt_create.

  COMMIT ENTITIES
    RESPONSE OF zi_flightbooking
    FAILED DATA(commit_failed)
    REPORTED DATA(commit_reported).

  " THEN: Pflichtfeld-Fehler
  cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_not_initial(
    act = commit_failed-flightbooking
    msg = 'Fehlender Passagier sollte Fehler verursachen'
  ).

  " PassengerId-Feld markiert
  cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_equals(
    exp = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
    act = commit_reported-flightbooking[ 1 ]-%element-PassengerId
    msg = 'PassengerId-Feld sollte markiert sein'
  ).
ENDMETHOD.

Actions testen

Actions führen Geschäftslogik aus und ändern den Zustand von Entitäten.

Test: Buchung bestätigen

METHOD test_confirm_booking.
  " GIVEN: Offene Buchung anlegen
  MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
    ENTITY FlightBooking
      CREATE FROM VALUE #(
        ( %cid        = 'B1'
          FlightId    = 'LH400'
          PassengerId = 'P001'
          FlightDate  = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) + 30
          Status      = 'O'    " Open
          SeatClass   = 'Y' )
      )
    MAPPED DATA(mapped_create).

  COMMIT ENTITIES.

  " Key der erstellten Buchung
  DATA(lv_booking_uuid) = mapped_create-flightbooking[ 1 ]-BookingUUID.

  " WHEN: Action confirmBooking ausführen
  MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
    ENTITY FlightBooking
      EXECUTE confirmBooking FROM VALUE #(
        ( BookingUUID = lv_booking_uuid )
      )
    RESULT DATA(result)
    FAILED DATA(failed)
    REPORTED DATA(reported).

  COMMIT ENTITIES
    RESPONSE OF zi_flightbooking
    FAILED DATA(commit_failed).

  " THEN: Kein Fehler
  cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_initial(
    act = commit_failed-flightbooking
    msg = 'confirmBooking sollte erfolgreich sein'
  ).

  " Status prüfen
  READ ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
    ENTITY FlightBooking
      FIELDS ( Status )
      WITH VALUE #( ( BookingUUID = lv_booking_uuid ) )
    RESULT DATA(lt_booking).

  cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_equals(
    exp = 'C'    " Confirmed
    act = lt_booking[ 1 ]-Status
    msg = 'Status sollte auf Confirmed (C) gesetzt sein'
  ).
ENDMETHOD.

Test: Buchung stornieren

METHOD test_cancel_booking.
  " GIVEN: Bestätigte Buchung
  MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
    ENTITY FlightBooking
      CREATE FROM VALUE #(
        ( %cid        = 'B1'
          FlightId    = 'LH400'
          PassengerId = 'P001'
          FlightDate  = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) + 30
          Status      = 'C'    " Confirmed
          SeatClass   = 'Y' )
      )
    MAPPED DATA(mapped_create).

  COMMIT ENTITIES.

  DATA(lv_booking_uuid) = mapped_create-flightbooking[ 1 ]-BookingUUID.

  " WHEN: Action cancelBooking mit Grund
  MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
    ENTITY FlightBooking
      EXECUTE cancelBooking FROM VALUE #(
        ( BookingUUID = lv_booking_uuid
          %param = VALUE za_cancellation_reason(
            ReasonCode = 'CX'
            ReasonText = 'Kunde hat storniert' ) )
      )
    FAILED DATA(failed)
    REPORTED DATA(reported).

  COMMIT ENTITIES
    RESPONSE OF zi_flightbooking
    FAILED DATA(commit_failed).

  " THEN: Kein Fehler
  cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_initial(
    act = commit_failed-flightbooking
    msg = 'cancelBooking sollte erfolgreich sein'
  ).

  " Status und Stornierungsgrund prüfen
  READ ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
    ENTITY FlightBooking
      FIELDS ( Status CancellationReason )
      WITH VALUE #( ( BookingUUID = lv_booking_uuid ) )
    RESULT DATA(lt_booking).

  cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_equals(
    exp = 'X'    " Cancelled
    act = lt_booking[ 1 ]-Status
    msg = 'Status sollte auf Cancelled (X) gesetzt sein'
  ).

  cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_equals(
    exp = 'Kunde hat storniert'
    act = lt_booking[ 1 ]-CancellationReason
    msg = 'Stornierungsgrund sollte gespeichert sein'
  ).
ENDMETHOD.

Test: Action mit Fehlerfall

METHOD test_confirm_already_confirmed.
  " GIVEN: Bereits bestätigte Buchung
  MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
    ENTITY FlightBooking
      CREATE FROM VALUE #(
        ( %cid        = 'B1'
          FlightId    = 'LH400'
          PassengerId = 'P001'
          Status      = 'C' )    " Bereits Confirmed
      )
    MAPPED DATA(mapped_create).

  COMMIT ENTITIES.

  DATA(lv_booking_uuid) = mapped_create-flightbooking[ 1 ]-BookingUUID.

  " WHEN: Erneut confirmBooking versuchen
  MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
    ENTITY FlightBooking
      EXECUTE confirmBooking FROM VALUE #(
        ( BookingUUID = lv_booking_uuid )
      )
    FAILED DATA(failed)
    REPORTED DATA(reported).

  COMMIT ENTITIES
    RESPONSE OF zi_flightbooking
    FAILED DATA(commit_failed)
    REPORTED DATA(commit_reported).

  " THEN: Fehler erwartet
  cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_not_initial(
    act = commit_failed-flightbooking
    msg = 'Doppelte Bestätigung sollte fehlschlagen'
  ).

  " Prüfen ob Fehlermeldung vorhanden
  cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_bound(
    act = commit_reported-flightbooking[ 1 ]-%msg
    msg = 'Fehlermeldung sollte vorhanden sein'
  ).
ENDMETHOD.

Determinations testen

Determinations setzen automatisch Feldwerte. Sie laufen bei on modify oder on save.

Test: Initialstatus setzen

METHOD test_set_initial_status.
  " GIVEN: Neue Buchung ohne Status
  DATA lt_create TYPE TABLE FOR CREATE zi_flightbooking.
  lt_create = VALUE #(
    ( %cid        = 'B1'
      FlightId    = 'LH400'
      PassengerId = 'P001'
      FlightDate  = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) + 30
      SeatClass   = 'Y'
      " Status wird NICHT gesetzt - Determination soll das machen
    )
  ).

  " WHEN: Buchung erstellen
  MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
    ENTITY FlightBooking
      CREATE FROM lt_create
    MAPPED DATA(mapped).

  COMMIT ENTITIES.

  " THEN: Determination sollte Status auf 'O' (Open) gesetzt haben
  READ ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
    ENTITY FlightBooking
      FIELDS ( Status CreatedBy CreatedAt )
      WITH VALUE #( ( %cid = 'B1' ) )
    RESULT DATA(lt_booking).

  cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_equals(
    exp = 'O'    " Open
    act = lt_booking[ 1 ]-Status
    msg = 'Determination sollte Status auf Open setzen'
  ).

  " CreatedBy sollte gefüllt sein
  cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_not_initial(
    act = lt_booking[ 1 ]-CreatedBy
    msg = 'CreatedBy sollte durch Determination gesetzt sein'
  ).

  " CreatedAt sollte gefüllt sein
  cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_not_initial(
    act = lt_booking[ 1 ]-CreatedAt
    msg = 'CreatedAt sollte durch Determination gesetzt sein'
  ).
ENDMETHOD.

Test: Gesamtpreis berechnen

METHOD test_calculate_total_price.
  " GIVEN: Buchung mit Basispreis und Extras
  DATA lt_create TYPE TABLE FOR CREATE zi_flightbooking.
  lt_create = VALUE #(
    ( %cid          = 'B1'
      FlightId      = 'LH400'
      PassengerId   = 'P001'
      FlightDate    = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) + 30
      SeatClass     = 'C'      " Business Class
      BasePrice     = '450.00'
      Currency      = 'EUR'
      ExtraLuggage  = 2        " 2 Gepäckstücke extra
      MealOption    = 'P'      " Premium Meal
    )
  ).

  " WHEN
  MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
    ENTITY FlightBooking
      CREATE FROM lt_create
    MAPPED DATA(mapped).

  COMMIT ENTITIES.

  " THEN: TotalPrice sollte berechnet sein
  READ ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
    ENTITY FlightBooking
      FIELDS ( TotalPrice BasePrice )
      WITH VALUE #( ( %cid = 'B1' ) )
    RESULT DATA(lt_booking).

  " Business Class: BasePrice * 2.5 = 1125.00
  " Extra Luggage: 2 * 50 = 100.00
  " Premium Meal: 45.00
  " Total: 1270.00
  DATA(lv_expected_total) = CONV wrbtr( '1270.00' ).

  cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_equals(
    exp = lv_expected_total
    act = lt_booking[ 1 ]-TotalPrice
    msg = |TotalPrice sollte { lv_expected_total } sein|
  ).
ENDMETHOD.

Test: Determination bei Feldänderung

METHOD test_recalculate_on_change.
  " GIVEN: Existierende Buchung
  MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
    ENTITY FlightBooking
      CREATE FROM VALUE #(
        ( %cid        = 'B1'
          FlightId    = 'LH400'
          PassengerId = 'P001'
          SeatClass   = 'Y'        " Economy
          BasePrice   = '450.00'
          Currency    = 'EUR' )
      )
    MAPPED DATA(mapped_create).

  COMMIT ENTITIES.

  DATA(lv_booking_uuid) = mapped_create-flightbooking[ 1 ]-BookingUUID.

  " Initialer TotalPrice
  READ ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
    ENTITY FlightBooking
      FIELDS ( TotalPrice )
      WITH VALUE #( ( BookingUUID = lv_booking_uuid ) )
    RESULT DATA(lt_initial).

  DATA(lv_initial_price) = lt_initial[ 1 ]-TotalPrice.

  " WHEN: SeatClass auf Business ändern
  MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
    ENTITY FlightBooking
      UPDATE FIELDS ( SeatClass )
      WITH VALUE #(
        ( BookingUUID = lv_booking_uuid
          SeatClass   = 'C' )    " Business Class
      ).

  COMMIT ENTITIES.

  " THEN: TotalPrice sollte neu berechnet sein
  READ ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
    ENTITY FlightBooking
      FIELDS ( TotalPrice )
      WITH VALUE #( ( BookingUUID = lv_booking_uuid ) )
    RESULT DATA(lt_updated).

  " Business Class ist teurer als Economy
  cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_true(
    act = xsdbool( lt_updated[ 1 ]-TotalPrice > lv_initial_price )
    msg = 'TotalPrice sollte nach Upgrade höher sein'
  ).
ENDMETHOD.

Mocking von Dependencies

Test mit gemockten Flugdaten

METHOD test_with_mocked_flight.
  " CDS Test Environment erlaubt direktes Einfügen von Testdaten
  " Das ersetzt die echte Datenbanktabelle

  " Spezieller Flug für diesen Test
  mo_environment->insert_test_data(
    i_data = VALUE zi_flight_tab(
      ( FlightId     = 'TEST01'
        Carrier      = 'XX'
        FlightDate   = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) + 100
        Price        = '999.99'
        Currency     = 'EUR'
        SeatsMax     = 10
        SeatsOccupied = 0 )
    )
  ).

  " WHEN: Buchung für gemockten Flug
  MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
    ENTITY FlightBooking
      CREATE FROM VALUE #(
        ( %cid        = 'B1'
          FlightId    = 'TEST01'
          PassengerId = 'P001'
          SeatClass   = 'Y' )
      )
    MAPPED DATA(mapped).

  COMMIT ENTITIES
    RESPONSE OF zi_flightbooking
    FAILED DATA(commit_failed).

  " THEN: Erfolgreich mit gemockten Daten
  cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_initial(
    act = commit_failed-flightbooking
    msg = 'Buchung mit gemocktem Flug sollte funktionieren'
  ).
ENDMETHOD.

Test: Ausgebuchter Flug

METHOD test_fully_booked_flight.
  " GIVEN: Ausgebuchter Flug (SeatsOccupied = SeatsMax)
  mo_environment->clear_doubles( ).
  mo_environment->insert_test_data(
    i_data = VALUE zi_flight_tab(
      ( FlightId      = 'FULL01'
        Carrier       = 'LH'
        FlightDate    = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) + 30
        SeatsMax      = 100
        SeatsOccupied = 100 )   " Ausgebucht!
    )
  ).

  mo_environment->insert_test_data(
    i_data = VALUE zi_passenger_tab(
      ( PassengerId = 'P001' FirstName = 'Max' LastName = 'Mustermann' )
    )
  ).

  " WHEN: Buchung für ausgebuchten Flug versuchen
  MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
    ENTITY FlightBooking
      CREATE FROM VALUE #(
        ( %cid        = 'B1'
          FlightId    = 'FULL01'
          PassengerId = 'P001'
          SeatClass   = 'Y' )
      ).

  COMMIT ENTITIES
    RESPONSE OF zi_flightbooking
    FAILED DATA(commit_failed)
    REPORTED DATA(commit_reported).

  " THEN: Fehler - Flug ausgebucht
  cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_not_initial(
    act = commit_failed-flightbooking
    msg = 'Ausgebuchter Flug sollte Fehler verursachen'
  ).
ENDMETHOD.

Vollständiges Testklassen-Beispiel

CLASS ltc_flight_booking DEFINITION FINAL FOR TESTING
  DURATION SHORT
  RISK LEVEL HARMLESS.

  PRIVATE SECTION.
    CLASS-DATA mo_environment TYPE REF TO if_cds_test_environment.

    CLASS-METHODS class_setup.
    CLASS-METHODS class_teardown.

    METHODS setup.
    METHODS teardown.

    " === VALIDIERUNGEN ===
    METHODS test_valid_booking FOR TESTING.
    METHODS test_invalid_date FOR TESTING.
    METHODS test_missing_passenger FOR TESTING.
    METHODS test_invalid_seat_class FOR TESTING.

    " === ACTIONS ===
    METHODS test_confirm_booking FOR TESTING.
    METHODS test_cancel_booking FOR TESTING.
    METHODS test_confirm_already_canceled FOR TESTING.
    METHODS test_reschedule_booking FOR TESTING.

    " === DETERMINATIONS ===
    METHODS test_set_initial_status FOR TESTING.
    METHODS test_calculate_price FOR TESTING.
    METHODS test_set_booking_number FOR TESTING.

    " === HILFSMETHODEN ===
    METHODS create_test_booking
      IMPORTING iv_cid        TYPE string DEFAULT 'B1'
                iv_flight_id  TYPE zflight_id DEFAULT 'LH400'
                iv_status     TYPE zstatus DEFAULT 'O'
      RETURNING VALUE(rv_uuid) TYPE sysuuid_x16.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS ltc_flight_booking IMPLEMENTATION.

  METHOD class_setup.
    mo_environment = cl_cds_test_environment=>create_for_multiple_cds(
      i_for_entities = VALUE #(
        ( i_for_entity = 'ZI_FlightBooking' )
        ( i_for_entity = 'ZI_Flight' )
        ( i_for_entity = 'ZI_Passenger' )
      )
    ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD class_teardown.
    mo_environment->destroy( ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD setup.
    mo_environment->clear_doubles( ).

    " Standard-Testdaten
    mo_environment->insert_test_data(
      i_data = VALUE zi_flight_tab(
        ( FlightId     = 'LH400'
          Carrier      = 'LH'
          Connection   = '0400'
          FlightDate   = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) + 30
          Price        = '450.00'
          Currency     = 'EUR'
          SeatsMax     = 200
          SeatsOccupied = 50 )
      )
    ).

    mo_environment->insert_test_data(
      i_data = VALUE zi_passenger_tab(
        ( PassengerId = 'P001' FirstName = 'Max' LastName = 'Mustermann' )
      )
    ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD teardown.
    ROLLBACK ENTITIES.
  ENDMETHOD.

  " === HILFSMETHODE ===
  METHOD create_test_booking.
    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
      ENTITY FlightBooking
        CREATE FROM VALUE #(
          ( %cid        = iv_cid
            FlightId    = iv_flight_id
            PassengerId = 'P001'
            FlightDate  = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) + 30
            Status      = iv_status
            SeatClass   = 'Y' )
        )
      MAPPED DATA(mapped).

    COMMIT ENTITIES.

    rv_uuid = mapped-flightbooking[ 1 ]-BookingUUID.
  ENDMETHOD.

  " === VALIDIERUNGEN ===
  METHOD test_valid_booking.
    " GIVEN/WHEN
    DATA(lv_uuid) = create_test_booking( ).

    " THEN
    cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_not_initial(
      act = lv_uuid
      msg = 'Gültige Buchung sollte erstellt werden'
    ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD test_invalid_date.
    " GIVEN: Datum in der Vergangenheit
    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
      ENTITY FlightBooking
        CREATE FROM VALUE #(
          ( %cid        = 'B1'
            FlightId    = 'LH400'
            PassengerId = 'P001'
            FlightDate  = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) - 5
            SeatClass   = 'Y' )
        ).

    COMMIT ENTITIES
      RESPONSE OF zi_flightbooking
      FAILED DATA(commit_failed).

    " THEN
    cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_not_initial(
      act = commit_failed-flightbooking
      msg = 'Vergangenes Datum sollte Fehler verursachen'
    ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD test_missing_passenger.
    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
      ENTITY FlightBooking
        CREATE FROM VALUE #(
          ( %cid        = 'B1'
            FlightId    = 'LH400'
            PassengerId = ''
            FlightDate  = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) + 30
            SeatClass   = 'Y' )
        ).

    COMMIT ENTITIES
      RESPONSE OF zi_flightbooking
      FAILED DATA(commit_failed).

    cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_not_initial(
      act = commit_failed-flightbooking
      msg = 'Fehlender Passagier sollte Fehler verursachen'
    ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD test_invalid_seat_class.
    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
      ENTITY FlightBooking
        CREATE FROM VALUE #(
          ( %cid        = 'B1'
            FlightId    = 'LH400'
            PassengerId = 'P001'
            FlightDate  = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) + 30
            SeatClass   = 'X' )   " Ungültig
        ).

    COMMIT ENTITIES
      RESPONSE OF zi_flightbooking
      FAILED DATA(commit_failed).

    cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_not_initial(
      act = commit_failed-flightbooking
      msg = 'Ungültige SeatClass sollte Fehler verursachen'
    ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  " === ACTIONS ===
  METHOD test_confirm_booking.
    DATA(lv_uuid) = create_test_booking( iv_status = 'O' ).

    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
      ENTITY FlightBooking
        EXECUTE confirmBooking FROM VALUE #(
          ( BookingUUID = lv_uuid )
        )
      FAILED DATA(failed).

    COMMIT ENTITIES
      RESPONSE OF zi_flightbooking
      FAILED DATA(commit_failed).

    cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_initial(
      act = commit_failed-flightbooking
      msg = 'confirmBooking sollte erfolgreich sein'
    ).

    READ ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
      ENTITY FlightBooking
        FIELDS ( Status )
        WITH VALUE #( ( BookingUUID = lv_uuid ) )
      RESULT DATA(lt_booking).

    cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_equals(
      exp = 'C'
      act = lt_booking[ 1 ]-Status
    ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD test_cancel_booking.
    DATA(lv_uuid) = create_test_booking( iv_status = 'C' ).

    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
      ENTITY FlightBooking
        EXECUTE cancelBooking FROM VALUE #(
          ( BookingUUID = lv_uuid
            %param = VALUE za_cancellation_reason(
              ReasonCode = 'CX'
              ReasonText = 'Test-Stornierung' ) )
        ).

    COMMIT ENTITIES
      RESPONSE OF zi_flightbooking
      FAILED DATA(commit_failed).

    cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_initial(
      act = commit_failed-flightbooking
      msg = 'cancelBooking sollte erfolgreich sein'
    ).

    READ ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
      ENTITY FlightBooking
        FIELDS ( Status )
        WITH VALUE #( ( BookingUUID = lv_uuid ) )
      RESULT DATA(lt_booking).

    cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_equals(
      exp = 'X'
      act = lt_booking[ 1 ]-Status
    ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD test_confirm_already_canceled.
    DATA(lv_uuid) = create_test_booking( iv_status = 'X' ).

    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
      ENTITY FlightBooking
        EXECUTE confirmBooking FROM VALUE #(
          ( BookingUUID = lv_uuid )
        ).

    COMMIT ENTITIES
      RESPONSE OF zi_flightbooking
      FAILED DATA(commit_failed).

    cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_not_initial(
      act = commit_failed-flightbooking
      msg = 'Stornierte Buchung kann nicht bestätigt werden'
    ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD test_reschedule_booking.
    DATA(lv_uuid) = create_test_booking( ).
    DATA(lv_new_date) = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) + 60.

    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
      ENTITY FlightBooking
        EXECUTE rescheduleBooking FROM VALUE #(
          ( BookingUUID = lv_uuid
            %param = VALUE za_reschedule_input(
              NewFlightDate = lv_new_date ) )
        ).

    COMMIT ENTITIES
      RESPONSE OF zi_flightbooking
      FAILED DATA(commit_failed).

    cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_initial(
      act = commit_failed-flightbooking
      msg = 'Umbuchung sollte erfolgreich sein'
    ).

    READ ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
      ENTITY FlightBooking
        FIELDS ( FlightDate )
        WITH VALUE #( ( BookingUUID = lv_uuid ) )
      RESULT DATA(lt_booking).

    cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_equals(
      exp = lv_new_date
      act = lt_booking[ 1 ]-FlightDate
    ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  " === DETERMINATIONS ===
  METHOD test_set_initial_status.
    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
      ENTITY FlightBooking
        CREATE FROM VALUE #(
          ( %cid        = 'B1'
            FlightId    = 'LH400'
            PassengerId = 'P001'
            FlightDate  = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) + 30
            SeatClass   = 'Y' )
        )
      MAPPED DATA(mapped).

    COMMIT ENTITIES.

    READ ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
      ENTITY FlightBooking
        FIELDS ( Status )
        WITH VALUE #( ( %cid = 'B1' ) )
      RESULT DATA(lt_booking).

    cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_equals(
      exp = 'O'
      act = lt_booking[ 1 ]-Status
      msg = 'Initial-Status sollte Open (O) sein'
    ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD test_calculate_price.
    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
      ENTITY FlightBooking
        CREATE FROM VALUE #(
          ( %cid        = 'B1'
            FlightId    = 'LH400'
            PassengerId = 'P001'
            FlightDate  = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) + 30
            SeatClass   = 'Y'
            BasePrice   = '450.00'
            Currency    = 'EUR' )
        )
      MAPPED DATA(mapped).

    COMMIT ENTITIES.

    READ ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
      ENTITY FlightBooking
        FIELDS ( TotalPrice )
        WITH VALUE #( ( %cid = 'B1' ) )
      RESULT DATA(lt_booking).

    cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_not_initial(
      act = lt_booking[ 1 ]-TotalPrice
      msg = 'TotalPrice sollte durch Determination gesetzt sein'
    ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD test_set_booking_number.
    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
      ENTITY FlightBooking
        CREATE FROM VALUE #(
          ( %cid        = 'B1'
            FlightId    = 'LH400'
            PassengerId = 'P001'
            FlightDate  = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) + 30
            SeatClass   = 'Y' )
        )
      MAPPED DATA(mapped).

    COMMIT ENTITIES.

    READ ENTITIES OF zi_flightbooking
      ENTITY FlightBooking
        FIELDS ( BookingNumber )
        WITH VALUE #( ( %cid = 'B1' ) )
      RESULT DATA(lt_booking).

    cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_not_initial(
      act = lt_booking[ 1 ]-BookingNumber
      msg = 'BookingNumber sollte automatisch generiert werden'
    ).
  ENDMETHOD.

ENDCLASS.

Best Practices für RAP Tests

Test-Checkliste

Komponente	Was testen?	Wie testen?
Validation	Erfolgsfall	CREATE mit gültigen Daten
	Fehlerfall	CREATE mit ungültigen Daten
	Feldmarkierung	`%element-FieldName` prüfen
	Fehlermeldung	`%msg` prüfen
Action	Erfolgsfall	EXECUTE + Status prüfen
	Fehlerfall	EXECUTE auf ungültigem Status
	Mit Parameter	`%param` übergeben
Determination	on modify	Feld nach CREATE prüfen
	on save	Feld nach COMMIT prüfen
	Neuberechnung	UPDATE + Feldänderung

Dos and Don’ts

DO:

" ✅ Testdaten in setup() vorbereiten
METHOD setup.
  mo_environment->clear_doubles( ).
  mo_environment->insert_test_data( ... ).
ENDMETHOD.

" ✅ ROLLBACK ENTITIES in teardown()
METHOD teardown.
  ROLLBACK ENTITIES.
ENDMETHOD.

" ✅ Ein Test = Ein Szenario
METHOD test_confirm_booking.
  " Nur confirmBooking testen
ENDMETHOD.

" ✅ Hilfsmethoden für Wiederverwendung
METHOD create_test_booking.
  " Wiederverwendbare Buchungserstellung
ENDMETHOD.

DON’T:

" ❌ Keine echten DB-Daten in Tests
SELECT * FROM zflight INTO TABLE @lt_flights.  " Nicht!

" ❌ Keine Abhängigkeiten zwischen Tests
METHOD test_2.
  " Erwartet dass test_1 bereits lief - SCHLECHT!
ENDMETHOD.

" ❌ Keine zu vielen Assertions pro Test
METHOD test_everything.
  cl_abap_unit_assert=>...  " 20 Assertions = unübersichtlich
ENDMETHOD.

Weitere Ressourcen

ABAP Unit Testing in ABAP Cloud - Grundlagen Unit Testing
Test Doubles und Mocking - Mocking-Techniken
RAP Determinations und Validations - Behavior Implementation
RAP Actions und Functions - Action-Implementierung