Approval-Workflows sind ein zentrales Element in Unternehmensanwendungen. Urlaubsanträge, Bestellfreigaben oder Reisekostenabrechnungen durchlaufen mehrere Genehmigungsstufen, bevor sie final genehmigt werden. Das RESTful ABAP Programming Model (RAP) bietet mit Draft Handling die ideale Grundlage für solche Workflows: Anträge können als Entwurf gespeichert, eingereicht und von verschiedenen Genehmigern bearbeitet werden.
In diesem Artikel implementieren wir einen vollständigen Urlaubsantrag-Workflow mit mehrstufiger Genehmigung. Sie lernen, wie Sie Status-basierte Actions definieren, Feature Control für kontextabhängige UI-Steuerung einsetzen und den gesamten Genehmigungsprozess in RAP abbilden.
Der Workflow im Überblick
Unser Urlaubsantrag durchläuft folgende Phasen:
┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐│ DRAFT │────▶│ SUBMITTED │────▶│ APPROVED │────▶│ ACTIVE ││ (Entwurf) │ │ (Eingereicht)│ │(Genehmigt L1)│ │ (Final) │└─────────────┘ └─────────────┘ └─────────────┘ └─────────────┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ ▼ ▼ ▼┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐│ DISCARDED │ │ REJECTED │ │ REJECTED ││ (Verworfen) │ │(Abgelehnt L1)│ │(Abgelehnt L2)│└─────────────┘ └─────────────┘ └─────────────┘| Status | Beschreibung | Nächste Aktionen |
|---|---|---|
DRAFT | Mitarbeiter erstellt/bearbeitet Antrag | Submit, Discard |
SUBMITTED | Eingereicht, wartet auf Vorgesetzten | Approve, Reject (Level 1) |
APPROVED | Genehmigt durch Vorgesetzten, wartet auf HR | Approve, Reject (Level 2) |
ACTIVE | Final genehmigt, im System aktiv | - |
REJECTED | Abgelehnt, zurück an Antragsteller | Resubmit, Discard |
Datenmodell
Datenbanktabelle für Urlaubsanträge
@EndUserText.label : 'Urlaubsantrag'@AbapCatalog.enhancement.category : #NOT_EXTENSIBLE@AbapCatalog.tableCategory : #TRANSPARENTdefine table zleave_request { key client : abap.clnt not null; key request_uuid : sysuuid_x16 not null; request_id : abap.numc(10); employee_id : abap.numc(8); employee_name : abap.char(80); leave_type : abap.char(2); // VA=Vacation, SP=Special, SI=Sick start_date : abap.dats; end_date : abap.dats; days_requested : abap.int4; reason : abap.string(500);
// Status-Management workflow_status : abap.char(2); // DR/SU/A1/AC/RJ current_approver : abap.char(12); approval_level : abap.int1; // 1=Manager, 2=HR
// Approval-Historie submitted_at : timestampl; submitted_by : abap.char(12); approved_l1_at : timestampl; approved_l1_by : abap.char(12); approved_l2_at : timestampl; approved_l2_by : abap.char(12); rejected_at : timestampl; rejected_by : abap.char(12); rejection_reason : abap.string(500);
// Administrative Felder created_by : abap.char(12); created_at : timestampl; last_changed_by : abap.char(12); last_changed_at : timestampl; local_last_changed_at : timestampl;}Draft-Tabelle
@EndUserText.label : 'Urlaubsantrag Draft'@AbapCatalog.tableCategory : #TRANSPARENTdefine table zdraft_leave_req { key client : abap.clnt not null; key request_uuid : sysuuid_x16 not null; request_id : abap.numc(10); employee_id : abap.numc(8); employee_name : abap.char(80); leave_type : abap.char(2); start_date : abap.dats; end_date : abap.dats; days_requested : abap.int4; reason : abap.string(500); workflow_status : abap.char(2); current_approver : abap.char(12); approval_level : abap.int1;
// Draft-Admin-Felder "%admin" : include sych_bdl_draft_admin_inc;}CDS Interface View
@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #NOT_REQUIRED@EndUserText.label: 'Urlaubsantrag - Interface View'define root view entity ZI_LeaveRequest as select from zleave_request{ key request_uuid as RequestUUID, request_id as RequestId, employee_id as EmployeeId, employee_name as EmployeeName, leave_type as LeaveType, start_date as StartDate, end_date as EndDate, days_requested as DaysRequested, reason as Reason,
// Workflow-Status workflow_status as WorkflowStatus, current_approver as CurrentApprover, approval_level as ApprovalLevel,
// Approval-Historie submitted_at as SubmittedAt, submitted_by as SubmittedBy, approved_l1_at as ApprovedL1At, approved_l1_by as ApprovedL1By, approved_l2_at as ApprovedL2At, approved_l2_by as ApprovedL2By, rejected_at as RejectedAt, rejected_by as RejectedBy, rejection_reason as RejectionReason,
// Berechnetes Feld für Status-Text case workflow_status when 'DR' then 'Entwurf' when 'SU' then 'Eingereicht' when 'A1' then 'Genehmigt (Level 1)' when 'AC' then 'Aktiv' when 'RJ' then 'Abgelehnt' else 'Unbekannt' end as WorkflowStatusText,
// Criticality für Status-Anzeige case workflow_status when 'DR' then 0 // Neutral when 'SU' then 2 // Warning (gelb) when 'A1' then 2 // Warning (gelb) when 'AC' then 3 // Success (grün) when 'RJ' then 1 // Error (rot) else 0 end as StatusCriticality,
// Administrative Felder @Semantics.user.createdBy: true created_by as CreatedBy, @Semantics.systemDateTime.createdAt: true created_at as CreatedAt, @Semantics.user.lastChangedBy: true last_changed_by as LastChangedBy, @Semantics.systemDateTime.lastChangedAt: true last_changed_at as LastChangedAt, @Semantics.systemDateTime.localInstanceLastChangedAt: true local_last_changed_at as LocalLastChangedAt}Behavior Definition mit Workflow-Actions
Die Behavior Definition ist das Herzstück des Workflows. Hier definieren wir alle Status-Transitionen als Actions mit Feature Control:
managed implementation in class zbp_i_leave_request unique;strict ( 2 );with draft;
define behavior for ZI_LeaveRequest alias LeaveRequestpersistent table zleave_requestdraft table zdraft_leave_reqlock master total etag LastChangedAtauthorization master ( instance, global )etag master LastChangedAt{ // Standard-Operationen create; update; delete;
// Feld-Eigenschaften field ( readonly ) RequestId, CreatedBy, CreatedAt, LastChangedBy, LastChangedAt; field ( readonly ) WorkflowStatus, CurrentApprover, ApprovalLevel; field ( readonly ) SubmittedAt, SubmittedBy, ApprovedL1At, ApprovedL1By; field ( readonly ) ApprovedL2At, ApprovedL2By, RejectedAt, RejectedBy; field ( numbering : managed ) RequestId;
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ // WORKFLOW ACTIONS // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// Antragsteller: Einreichen action ( features : instance ) submit result [1] $self;
// Genehmiger Level 1 (Vorgesetzter): Genehmigen oder Ablehnen action ( features : instance ) approveL1 result [1] $self; action ( features : instance ) rejectL1 parameter ZA_RejectionInput result [1] $self;
// Genehmiger Level 2 (HR): Final genehmigen oder ablehnen action ( features : instance ) approveL2 result [1] $self; action ( features : instance ) rejectL2 parameter ZA_RejectionInput result [1] $self;
// Antragsteller: Abgelehnten Antrag erneut einreichen action ( features : instance ) resubmit result [1] $self;
// Antragsteller: Zurück an Entwurf (vor Submit) action ( features : instance ) withdraw result [1] $self;
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ // VALIDATIONS // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
validation validateDates on save { field StartDate, EndDate; } validation validateDaysRequested on save { field DaysRequested; } validation validateLeaveType on save { field LeaveType; }
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ // DETERMINATIONS // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
determination setInitialStatus on modify { create; } determination calculateDays on modify { field StartDate, EndDate; } determination setEmployeeData on modify { create; }
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ // DRAFT ACTIONS // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
draft action Edit; draft action Activate optimized; draft action Discard; draft action Resume; draft determine action Prepare { validation validateDates; validation validateDaysRequested; validation validateLeaveType; }
// Mapping mapping for zleave_request { RequestUUID = request_uuid; RequestId = request_id; EmployeeId = employee_id; EmployeeName = employee_name; LeaveType = leave_type; StartDate = start_date; EndDate = end_date; DaysRequested = days_requested; Reason = reason; WorkflowStatus = workflow_status; CurrentApprover = current_approver; ApprovalLevel = approval_level; SubmittedAt = submitted_at; SubmittedBy = submitted_by; ApprovedL1At = approved_l1_at; ApprovedL1By = approved_l1_by; ApprovedL2At = approved_l2_at; ApprovedL2By = approved_l2_by; RejectedAt = rejected_at; RejectedBy = rejected_by; RejectionReason = rejection_reason; CreatedBy = created_by; CreatedAt = created_at; LastChangedBy = last_changed_by; LastChangedAt = last_changed_at; LocalLastChangedAt = local_last_changed_at; }}Abstract Entity für Ablehnungsgrund
@EndUserText.label: 'Ablehnungsgrund'define abstract entity ZA_RejectionInput{ @UI.multiLineText: true @EndUserText.label: 'Ablehnungsgrund' RejectionReason : abap.string(500);}Behavior Implementation
Die Implementation enthält die Workflow-Logik mit Status-Transitionen, Feature Control und Validierungen:
CLASS lhc_leaverequest DEFINITION INHERITING FROM cl_abap_behavior_handler. PRIVATE SECTION. CONSTANTS: " Workflow-Status BEGIN OF gc_status, draft TYPE c LENGTH 2 VALUE 'DR', submitted TYPE c LENGTH 2 VALUE 'SU', approved1 TYPE c LENGTH 2 VALUE 'A1', active TYPE c LENGTH 2 VALUE 'AC', rejected TYPE c LENGTH 2 VALUE 'RJ', END OF gc_status.
" Determinations METHODS setInitialStatus FOR DETERMINE ON MODIFY IMPORTING keys FOR LeaveRequest~setInitialStatus.
METHODS calculateDays FOR DETERMINE ON MODIFY IMPORTING keys FOR LeaveRequest~calculateDays.
METHODS setEmployeeData FOR DETERMINE ON MODIFY IMPORTING keys FOR LeaveRequest~setEmployeeData.
" Validations METHODS validateDates FOR VALIDATE ON SAVE IMPORTING keys FOR LeaveRequest~validateDates.
METHODS validateDaysRequested FOR VALIDATE ON SAVE IMPORTING keys FOR LeaveRequest~validateDaysRequested.
METHODS validateLeaveType FOR VALIDATE ON SAVE IMPORTING keys FOR LeaveRequest~validateLeaveType.
" Workflow Actions METHODS submit FOR MODIFY IMPORTING keys FOR ACTION LeaveRequest~submit RESULT result.
METHODS approveL1 FOR MODIFY IMPORTING keys FOR ACTION LeaveRequest~approveL1 RESULT result.
METHODS rejectL1 FOR MODIFY IMPORTING keys FOR ACTION LeaveRequest~rejectL1 RESULT result.
METHODS approveL2 FOR MODIFY IMPORTING keys FOR ACTION LeaveRequest~approveL2 RESULT result.
METHODS rejectL2 FOR MODIFY IMPORTING keys FOR ACTION LeaveRequest~rejectL2 RESULT result.
METHODS resubmit FOR MODIFY IMPORTING keys FOR ACTION LeaveRequest~resubmit RESULT result.
METHODS withdraw FOR MODIFY IMPORTING keys FOR ACTION LeaveRequest~withdraw RESULT result.
" Feature Control METHODS get_instance_features FOR INSTANCE FEATURES IMPORTING keys REQUEST requested_features FOR LeaveRequest RESULT result.
" Authorization METHODS get_instance_authorizations FOR INSTANCE AUTHORIZATION IMPORTING keys REQUEST requested_authorizations FOR LeaveRequest RESULT result.
METHODS get_global_authorizations FOR GLOBAL AUTHORIZATION IMPORTING REQUEST requested_authorizations FOR LeaveRequest RESULT result.
" Hilfsmethoden METHODS get_current_user RETURNING VALUE(result) TYPE syuname.
METHODS get_current_timestamp RETURNING VALUE(result) TYPE timestampl.
METHODS get_manager_for_employee IMPORTING employee_id TYPE numc8 RETURNING VALUE(result) TYPE syuname.
METHODS is_current_user_approver IMPORTING request TYPE zi_leaverequest RETURNING VALUE(result) TYPE abap_boolean.ENDCLASS.
CLASS lhc_leaverequest IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD setInitialStatus. " Initiale Werte bei CREATE setzen MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE ENTITY LeaveRequest UPDATE FIELDS ( WorkflowStatus ApprovalLevel ) WITH VALUE #( FOR key IN keys ( %tky = key-%tky WorkflowStatus = gc_status-draft ApprovalLevel = 0 ) ). ENDMETHOD.
METHOD calculateDays. " Anzahl Urlaubstage aus Start- und Enddatum berechnen READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE ENTITY LeaveRequest FIELDS ( StartDate EndDate ) WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys ) RESULT DATA(requests).
LOOP AT requests ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<request>). IF <request>-StartDate IS NOT INITIAL AND <request>-EndDate IS NOT INITIAL. DATA(days) = <request>-EndDate - <request>-StartDate + 1. IF days > 0. MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE ENTITY LeaveRequest UPDATE FIELDS ( DaysRequested ) WITH VALUE #( ( %tky = <request>-%tky DaysRequested = days ) ). ENDIF. ENDIF. ENDLOOP. ENDMETHOD.
METHOD setEmployeeData. " Mitarbeiterdaten aus Benutzerstamm ermitteln DATA(current_user) = get_current_user( ).
MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE ENTITY LeaveRequest UPDATE FIELDS ( EmployeeId EmployeeName ) WITH VALUE #( FOR key IN keys ( %tky = key-%tky EmployeeId = current_user EmployeeName = current_user " Vereinfacht - normalerweise aus HR-Stamm ) ). ENDMETHOD.
METHOD validateDates. READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE ENTITY LeaveRequest FIELDS ( StartDate EndDate ) WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys ) RESULT DATA(requests).
DATA(today) = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ).
LOOP AT requests ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<request>). " Startdatum muss in der Zukunft liegen IF <request>-StartDate < today. APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky %element-StartDate = if_abap_behv=>mk-on ) TO failed-leaverequest.
APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky %state_area = 'VALIDATE_DATES' %element-StartDate = if_abap_behv=>mk-on %msg = new_message_with_text( severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error text = 'Das Startdatum muss in der Zukunft liegen' ) ) TO reported-leaverequest. ENDIF.
" Enddatum muss nach Startdatum liegen IF <request>-EndDate < <request>-StartDate. APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky %element-EndDate = if_abap_behv=>mk-on ) TO failed-leaverequest.
APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky %state_area = 'VALIDATE_DATES' %element-EndDate = if_abap_behv=>mk-on %msg = new_message_with_text( severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error text = 'Das Enddatum muss nach dem Startdatum liegen' ) ) TO reported-leaverequest. ENDIF. ENDLOOP. ENDMETHOD.
METHOD validateDaysRequested. READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE ENTITY LeaveRequest FIELDS ( DaysRequested LeaveType ) WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys ) RESULT DATA(requests).
LOOP AT requests ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<request>). " Maximale Urlaubstage prüfen DATA(max_days) = SWITCH i( <request>-LeaveType WHEN 'VA' THEN 30 " Vacation WHEN 'SP' THEN 5 " Special Leave WHEN 'SI' THEN 180 " Sick Leave ELSE 30 ).
IF <request>-DaysRequested > max_days. APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky %element-DaysRequested = if_abap_behv=>mk-on ) TO failed-leaverequest.
APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky %state_area = 'VALIDATE_DAYS' %element-DaysRequested = if_abap_behv=>mk-on %msg = new_message_with_text( severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error text = |Maximal { max_days } Tage für diesen Urlaubstyp erlaubt| ) ) TO reported-leaverequest. ENDIF. ENDLOOP. ENDMETHOD.
METHOD validateLeaveType. READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE ENTITY LeaveRequest FIELDS ( LeaveType ) WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys ) RESULT DATA(requests).
DATA(valid_types) = VALUE string_table( ( `VA` ) ( `SP` ) ( `SI` ) ).
LOOP AT requests ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<request>). IF NOT line_exists( valid_types[ table_line = <request>-LeaveType ] ). APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky %element-LeaveType = if_abap_behv=>mk-on ) TO failed-leaverequest.
APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky %state_area = 'VALIDATE_TYPE' %element-LeaveType = if_abap_behv=>mk-on %msg = new_message_with_text( severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error text = 'Ungültiger Urlaubstyp (VA, SP, SI erlaubt)' ) ) TO reported-leaverequest. ENDIF. ENDLOOP. ENDMETHOD.
"═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ " WORKFLOW ACTIONS "═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
METHOD submit. " Antrag einreichen: DRAFT → SUBMITTED READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE ENTITY LeaveRequest FIELDS ( WorkflowStatus EmployeeId ) WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys ) RESULT DATA(requests).
DATA(current_user) = get_current_user( ). DATA(timestamp) = get_current_timestamp( ).
LOOP AT requests ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<request>). " Nur Draft-Anträge können eingereicht werden IF <request>-WorkflowStatus <> gc_status-draft. APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky %msg = new_message_with_text( severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error text = 'Nur Entwürfe können eingereicht werden' ) ) TO reported-leaverequest. APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky ) TO failed-leaverequest. CONTINUE. ENDIF.
" Manager ermitteln DATA(manager) = get_manager_for_employee( CONV #( <request>-EmployeeId ) ).
" Status-Transition durchführen MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE ENTITY LeaveRequest UPDATE FIELDS ( WorkflowStatus CurrentApprover ApprovalLevel SubmittedAt SubmittedBy ) WITH VALUE #( ( %tky = <request>-%tky WorkflowStatus = gc_status-submitted CurrentApprover = manager ApprovalLevel = 1 SubmittedAt = timestamp SubmittedBy = current_user ) ). ENDLOOP.
" Aktualisierte Daten zurückgeben READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE ENTITY LeaveRequest ALL FIELDS WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys ) RESULT DATA(updated_requests).
result = VALUE #( FOR req IN updated_requests ( %tky = req-%tky %param = req ) ). ENDMETHOD.
METHOD approveL1. " Level-1-Genehmigung: SUBMITTED → APPROVED1 READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE ENTITY LeaveRequest ALL FIELDS WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys ) RESULT DATA(requests).
DATA(current_user) = get_current_user( ). DATA(timestamp) = get_current_timestamp( ).
LOOP AT requests ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<request>). " Prüfung: korrekter Status und Genehmiger IF <request>-WorkflowStatus <> gc_status-submitted. APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky %msg = new_message_with_text( severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error text = 'Antrag kann in diesem Status nicht genehmigt werden' ) ) TO reported-leaverequest. APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky ) TO failed-leaverequest. CONTINUE. ENDIF.
IF NOT is_current_user_approver( <request> ). APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky %msg = new_message_with_text( severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error text = 'Sie sind nicht als Genehmiger berechtigt' ) ) TO reported-leaverequest. APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky ) TO failed-leaverequest. CONTINUE. ENDIF.
" HR-Genehmiger ermitteln (Level 2) DATA(hr_approver) = CONV syuname( 'HR_APPROVER' ). " Vereinfacht
" Status-Transition: SUBMITTED → APPROVED1 MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE ENTITY LeaveRequest UPDATE FIELDS ( WorkflowStatus CurrentApprover ApprovalLevel ApprovedL1At ApprovedL1By ) WITH VALUE #( ( %tky = <request>-%tky WorkflowStatus = gc_status-approved1 CurrentApprover = hr_approver ApprovalLevel = 2 ApprovedL1At = timestamp ApprovedL1By = current_user ) ). ENDLOOP.
" Ergebnis zurückgeben READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE ENTITY LeaveRequest ALL FIELDS WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys ) RESULT DATA(updated_requests).
result = VALUE #( FOR req IN updated_requests ( %tky = req-%tky %param = req ) ). ENDMETHOD.
METHOD rejectL1. " Level-1-Ablehnung: SUBMITTED → REJECTED READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE ENTITY LeaveRequest ALL FIELDS WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys ) RESULT DATA(requests).
DATA(current_user) = get_current_user( ). DATA(timestamp) = get_current_timestamp( ).
LOOP AT requests ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<request>). LOOP AT keys ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<key>) WHERE %tky = <request>-%tky.
" Ablehnungsgrund aus Parameter DATA(rejection_reason) = <key>-%param-RejectionReason.
IF <request>-WorkflowStatus <> gc_status-submitted. APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky %msg = new_message_with_text( severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error text = 'Antrag kann in diesem Status nicht abgelehnt werden' ) ) TO reported-leaverequest. APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky ) TO failed-leaverequest. CONTINUE. ENDIF.
IF NOT is_current_user_approver( <request> ). APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky %msg = new_message_with_text( severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error text = 'Sie sind nicht als Genehmiger berechtigt' ) ) TO reported-leaverequest. APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky ) TO failed-leaverequest. CONTINUE. ENDIF.
" Status-Transition: SUBMITTED → REJECTED MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE ENTITY LeaveRequest UPDATE FIELDS ( WorkflowStatus CurrentApprover RejectedAt RejectedBy RejectionReason ) WITH VALUE #( ( %tky = <request>-%tky WorkflowStatus = gc_status-rejected CurrentApprover = <request>-EmployeeId " Zurück an Antragsteller RejectedAt = timestamp RejectedBy = current_user RejectionReason = rejection_reason ) ). ENDLOOP. ENDLOOP.
" Ergebnis zurückgeben READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE ENTITY LeaveRequest ALL FIELDS WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys ) RESULT DATA(updated_requests).
result = VALUE #( FOR req IN updated_requests ( %tky = req-%tky %param = req ) ). ENDMETHOD.
METHOD approveL2. " Level-2-Genehmigung (HR): APPROVED1 → ACTIVE READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE ENTITY LeaveRequest ALL FIELDS WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys ) RESULT DATA(requests).
DATA(current_user) = get_current_user( ). DATA(timestamp) = get_current_timestamp( ).
LOOP AT requests ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<request>). IF <request>-WorkflowStatus <> gc_status-approved1. APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky %msg = new_message_with_text( severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error text = 'Antrag muss zuerst vom Vorgesetzten genehmigt werden' ) ) TO reported-leaverequest. APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky ) TO failed-leaverequest. CONTINUE. ENDIF.
IF NOT is_current_user_approver( <request> ). APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky %msg = new_message_with_text( severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error text = 'Sie sind nicht als HR-Genehmiger berechtigt' ) ) TO reported-leaverequest. APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky ) TO failed-leaverequest. CONTINUE. ENDIF.
" Final Approval: APPROVED1 → ACTIVE MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE ENTITY LeaveRequest UPDATE FIELDS ( WorkflowStatus CurrentApprover ApprovedL2At ApprovedL2By ) WITH VALUE #( ( %tky = <request>-%tky WorkflowStatus = gc_status-active CurrentApprover = '' " Workflow abgeschlossen ApprovedL2At = timestamp ApprovedL2By = current_user ) ). ENDLOOP.
" Ergebnis zurückgeben READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE ENTITY LeaveRequest ALL FIELDS WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys ) RESULT DATA(updated_requests).
result = VALUE #( FOR req IN updated_requests ( %tky = req-%tky %param = req ) ). ENDMETHOD.
METHOD rejectL2. " Level-2-Ablehnung (HR): APPROVED1 → REJECTED READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE ENTITY LeaveRequest ALL FIELDS WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys ) RESULT DATA(requests).
DATA(current_user) = get_current_user( ). DATA(timestamp) = get_current_timestamp( ).
LOOP AT requests ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<request>). LOOP AT keys ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<key>) WHERE %tky = <request>-%tky.
DATA(rejection_reason) = <key>-%param-RejectionReason.
IF <request>-WorkflowStatus <> gc_status-approved1. APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky %msg = new_message_with_text( severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error text = 'Antrag kann in diesem Status nicht abgelehnt werden' ) ) TO reported-leaverequest. APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky ) TO failed-leaverequest. CONTINUE. ENDIF.
" APPROVED1 → REJECTED MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE ENTITY LeaveRequest UPDATE FIELDS ( WorkflowStatus CurrentApprover RejectedAt RejectedBy RejectionReason ) WITH VALUE #( ( %tky = <request>-%tky WorkflowStatus = gc_status-rejected CurrentApprover = <request>-EmployeeId RejectedAt = timestamp RejectedBy = current_user RejectionReason = rejection_reason ) ). ENDLOOP. ENDLOOP.
" Ergebnis zurückgeben READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE ENTITY LeaveRequest ALL FIELDS WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys ) RESULT DATA(updated_requests).
result = VALUE #( FOR req IN updated_requests ( %tky = req-%tky %param = req ) ). ENDMETHOD.
METHOD resubmit. " Abgelehnten Antrag erneut einreichen: REJECTED → SUBMITTED READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE ENTITY LeaveRequest FIELDS ( WorkflowStatus EmployeeId ) WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys ) RESULT DATA(requests).
DATA(current_user) = get_current_user( ). DATA(timestamp) = get_current_timestamp( ).
LOOP AT requests ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<request>). IF <request>-WorkflowStatus <> gc_status-rejected. APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky %msg = new_message_with_text( severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error text = 'Nur abgelehnte Anträge können erneut eingereicht werden' ) ) TO reported-leaverequest. APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky ) TO failed-leaverequest. CONTINUE. ENDIF.
DATA(manager) = get_manager_for_employee( CONV #( <request>-EmployeeId ) ).
" Reset und erneut einreichen MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE ENTITY LeaveRequest UPDATE FIELDS ( WorkflowStatus CurrentApprover ApprovalLevel RejectedAt RejectedBy RejectionReason SubmittedAt SubmittedBy ) WITH VALUE #( ( %tky = <request>-%tky WorkflowStatus = gc_status-submitted CurrentApprover = manager ApprovalLevel = 1 RejectedAt = VALUE #( ) " Reset RejectedBy = '' RejectionReason = '' SubmittedAt = timestamp SubmittedBy = current_user ) ). ENDLOOP.
" Ergebnis zurückgeben READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE ENTITY LeaveRequest ALL FIELDS WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys ) RESULT DATA(updated_requests).
result = VALUE #( FOR req IN updated_requests ( %tky = req-%tky %param = req ) ). ENDMETHOD.
METHOD withdraw. " Eingereichten Antrag zurückziehen: SUBMITTED → DRAFT READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE ENTITY LeaveRequest FIELDS ( WorkflowStatus EmployeeId ) WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys ) RESULT DATA(requests).
DATA(current_user) = get_current_user( ).
LOOP AT requests ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<request>). " Nur eingereichte Anträge können zurückgezogen werden IF <request>-WorkflowStatus <> gc_status-submitted. APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky %msg = new_message_with_text( severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error text = 'Nur eingereichte Anträge können zurückgezogen werden' ) ) TO reported-leaverequest. APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky ) TO failed-leaverequest. CONTINUE. ENDIF.
" Nur Antragsteller darf zurückziehen IF CONV syuname( <request>-EmployeeId ) <> current_user. APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky %msg = new_message_with_text( severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error text = 'Nur der Antragsteller kann den Antrag zurückziehen' ) ) TO reported-leaverequest. APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky ) TO failed-leaverequest. CONTINUE. ENDIF.
" Zurück auf Draft MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE ENTITY LeaveRequest UPDATE FIELDS ( WorkflowStatus CurrentApprover ApprovalLevel SubmittedAt SubmittedBy ) WITH VALUE #( ( %tky = <request>-%tky WorkflowStatus = gc_status-draft CurrentApprover = '' ApprovalLevel = 0 SubmittedAt = VALUE #( ) SubmittedBy = '' ) ). ENDLOOP.
" Ergebnis zurückgeben READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE ENTITY LeaveRequest ALL FIELDS WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys ) RESULT DATA(updated_requests).
result = VALUE #( FOR req IN updated_requests ( %tky = req-%tky %param = req ) ). ENDMETHOD.
"═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ " FEATURE CONTROL "═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
METHOD get_instance_features. READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE ENTITY LeaveRequest FIELDS ( WorkflowStatus EmployeeId CurrentApprover ) WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys ) RESULT DATA(requests).
DATA(current_user) = get_current_user( ).
LOOP AT requests ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<request>). DATA(is_owner) = xsdbool( CONV syuname( <request>-EmployeeId ) = current_user ). DATA(is_approver) = is_current_user_approver( <request> ).
APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky
" Update/Delete nur für Eigentümer im Draft-Status %update = COND #( WHEN is_owner = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-draft THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled )
%delete = COND #( WHEN is_owner = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-draft THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled )
" Submit: nur für Eigentümer im Draft-Status %action-submit = COND #( WHEN is_owner = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-draft THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled )
" Withdraw: nur für Eigentümer im Submitted-Status %action-withdraw = COND #( WHEN is_owner = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-submitted THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled )
" Resubmit: nur für Eigentümer im Rejected-Status %action-resubmit = COND #( WHEN is_owner = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-rejected THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled )
" ApproveL1/RejectL1: nur für Genehmiger im Submitted-Status %action-approveL1 = COND #( WHEN is_approver = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-submitted THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled )
%action-rejectL1 = COND #( WHEN is_approver = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-submitted THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled )
" ApproveL2/RejectL2: nur für Genehmiger im Approved1-Status %action-approveL2 = COND #( WHEN is_approver = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-approved1 THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled )
%action-rejectL2 = COND #( WHEN is_approver = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-approved1 THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled )
) TO result. ENDLOOP. ENDMETHOD.
METHOD get_instance_authorizations. " Authorization-Prüfung analog zu Feature Control READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE ENTITY LeaveRequest FIELDS ( WorkflowStatus EmployeeId CurrentApprover ) WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys ) RESULT DATA(requests).
DATA(current_user) = get_current_user( ).
LOOP AT requests ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<request>). DATA(is_owner) = xsdbool( CONV syuname( <request>-EmployeeId ) = current_user ). DATA(is_approver) = is_current_user_approver( <request> ).
APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky
%update = COND #( WHEN is_owner = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-draft THEN if_abap_behv=>auth-allowed ELSE if_abap_behv=>auth-unauthorized )
%delete = COND #( WHEN is_owner = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-draft THEN if_abap_behv=>auth-allowed ELSE if_abap_behv=>auth-unauthorized )
%action-submit = COND #( WHEN is_owner = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-draft THEN if_abap_behv=>auth-allowed ELSE if_abap_behv=>auth-unauthorized )
%action-approveL1 = COND #( WHEN is_approver = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-submitted THEN if_abap_behv=>auth-allowed ELSE if_abap_behv=>auth-unauthorized )
%action-rejectL1 = COND #( WHEN is_approver = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-submitted THEN if_abap_behv=>auth-allowed ELSE if_abap_behv=>auth-unauthorized )
%action-approveL2 = COND #( WHEN is_approver = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-approved1 THEN if_abap_behv=>auth-allowed ELSE if_abap_behv=>auth-unauthorized )
%action-rejectL2 = COND #( WHEN is_approver = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-approved1 THEN if_abap_behv=>auth-allowed ELSE if_abap_behv=>auth-unauthorized )
%action-withdraw = COND #( WHEN is_owner = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-submitted THEN if_abap_behv=>auth-allowed ELSE if_abap_behv=>auth-unauthorized )
%action-resubmit = COND #( WHEN is_owner = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-rejected THEN if_abap_behv=>auth-allowed ELSE if_abap_behv=>auth-unauthorized )
) TO result. ENDLOOP. ENDMETHOD.
METHOD get_global_authorizations. " CREATE-Berechtigung für alle Benutzer result = VALUE #( %create = if_abap_behv=>auth-allowed ). ENDMETHOD.
"═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ " HELPER METHODS "═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
METHOD get_current_user. result = cl_abap_context_info=>get_user_technical_name( ). ENDMETHOD.
METHOD get_current_timestamp. GET TIME STAMP FIELD result. ENDMETHOD.
METHOD get_manager_for_employee. " Vereinfachte Implementierung - in der Realität aus HR-Stammdaten " oder Organisationsstruktur ermitteln result = 'MANAGER01'. ENDMETHOD.
METHOD is_current_user_approver. DATA(current_user) = get_current_user( ). result = xsdbool( request-CurrentApprover = current_user ). ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.Projection View mit UI-Annotations
Die Projection View exponiert den Workflow für Fiori Elements:
@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #NOT_REQUIRED@EndUserText.label: 'Urlaubsantrag - Projection'@Metadata.allowExtensions: truedefine root view entity ZC_LeaveRequest provider contract transactional_query as projection on ZI_LeaveRequest{ @UI.facet: [ { id: 'General', type: #COLLECTION, label: 'Allgemein', position: 10 }, { id: 'Dates', type: #FIELDGROUP_REFERENCE, targetQualifier: 'Dates', parentId: 'General', label: 'Zeitraum', position: 10 }, { id: 'Details', type: #FIELDGROUP_REFERENCE, targetQualifier: 'Details', parentId: 'General', label: 'Details', position: 20 }, { id: 'Workflow', type: #COLLECTION, label: 'Workflow', position: 20 }, { id: 'Status', type: #FIELDGROUP_REFERENCE, targetQualifier: 'Status', parentId: 'Workflow', label: 'Status', position: 10 }, { id: 'History', type: #FIELDGROUP_REFERENCE, targetQualifier: 'History', parentId: 'Workflow', label: 'Historie', position: 20 } ]
@UI.hidden: true key RequestUUID,
@UI.lineItem: [{ position: 10, importance: #HIGH }] @UI.selectionField: [{ position: 10 }] RequestId,
@UI.lineItem: [{ position: 20 }] @UI.fieldGroup: [{ qualifier: 'Details', position: 10 }] EmployeeName,
@UI.lineItem: [{ position: 30 }] @UI.fieldGroup: [{ qualifier: 'Details', position: 20 }] @Consumption.valueHelpDefinition: [{ entity: { name: 'ZI_LeaveType', element: 'LeaveType' }}] LeaveType,
@UI.lineItem: [{ position: 40 }] @UI.fieldGroup: [{ qualifier: 'Dates', position: 10 }] StartDate,
@UI.lineItem: [{ position: 50 }] @UI.fieldGroup: [{ qualifier: 'Dates', position: 20 }] EndDate,
@UI.lineItem: [{ position: 60 }] @UI.fieldGroup: [{ qualifier: 'Dates', position: 30 }] DaysRequested,
@UI.fieldGroup: [{ qualifier: 'Details', position: 30 }] @UI.multiLineText: true Reason,
// Workflow-Status mit Criticality @UI.lineItem: [{ position: 70, criticality: 'StatusCriticality', importance: #HIGH }] @UI.fieldGroup: [{ qualifier: 'Status', position: 10, criticality: 'StatusCriticality' }] @UI.selectionField: [{ position: 20 }] WorkflowStatusText,
@UI.hidden: true WorkflowStatus,
@UI.hidden: true StatusCriticality,
@UI.fieldGroup: [{ qualifier: 'Status', position: 20 }] CurrentApprover,
// Workflow-Historie @UI.fieldGroup: [{ qualifier: 'History', position: 10 }] SubmittedAt,
@UI.fieldGroup: [{ qualifier: 'History', position: 20 }] SubmittedBy,
@UI.fieldGroup: [{ qualifier: 'History', position: 30 }] ApprovedL1At,
@UI.fieldGroup: [{ qualifier: 'History', position: 40 }] ApprovedL1By,
@UI.fieldGroup: [{ qualifier: 'History', position: 50 }] ApprovedL2At,
@UI.fieldGroup: [{ qualifier: 'History', position: 60 }] ApprovedL2By,
@UI.fieldGroup: [{ qualifier: 'History', position: 70 }] RejectedAt,
@UI.fieldGroup: [{ qualifier: 'History', position: 80 }] RejectedBy,
@UI.fieldGroup: [{ qualifier: 'History', position: 90 }] @UI.multiLineText: true RejectionReason,
// Workflow-Actions in der Line Item @UI.lineItem: [ { type: #FOR_ACTION, dataAction: 'submit', label: 'Einreichen', position: 10 }, { type: #FOR_ACTION, dataAction: 'approveL1', label: 'Genehmigen', position: 20 }, { type: #FOR_ACTION, dataAction: 'rejectL1', label: 'Ablehnen', position: 30 }, { type: #FOR_ACTION, dataAction: 'withdraw', label: 'Zurückziehen', position: 40 } ]
// Actions auf Object Page @UI.identification: [ { type: #FOR_ACTION, dataAction: 'submit', label: 'Einreichen', position: 10 }, { type: #FOR_ACTION, dataAction: 'approveL1', label: 'Genehmigen (L1)', position: 20 }, { type: #FOR_ACTION, dataAction: 'rejectL1', label: 'Ablehnen (L1)', position: 30 }, { type: #FOR_ACTION, dataAction: 'approveL2', label: 'Final Genehmigen', position: 40 }, { type: #FOR_ACTION, dataAction: 'rejectL2', label: 'Final Ablehnen', position: 50 }, { type: #FOR_ACTION, dataAction: 'withdraw', label: 'Zurückziehen', position: 60 }, { type: #FOR_ACTION, dataAction: 'resubmit', label: 'Erneut Einreichen', position: 70 } ] EmployeeId,
// Administrative Felder @UI.hidden: true CreatedBy, @UI.hidden: true CreatedAt, @UI.hidden: true LastChangedBy, @UI.hidden: true LastChangedAt, @UI.hidden: true LocalLastChangedAt, @UI.hidden: true ApprovalLevel}Projection Behavior Definition
projection implementation in class zbp_c_leaverequest unique;strict ( 2 );use draft;
define behavior for ZC_LeaveRequest alias LeaveRequest{ use create; use update; use delete;
// Workflow Actions use action submit; use action approveL1; use action rejectL1; use action approveL2; use action rejectL2; use action resubmit; use action withdraw;
// Draft Actions use action Edit; use action Activate; use action Discard; use action Resume; use action Prepare;}Best Practices für Workflow-Szenarien
DO: Status-Transitionen explizit prüfen
" GUT: Explizite Status-Prüfung vor jeder TransitionIF <request>-WorkflowStatus <> gc_status-submitted. APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky %msg = new_message_with_text( severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error text = 'Ungültiger Status für diese Aktion' ) ) TO reported-leaverequest. RETURN.ENDIF.DO: Feature Control und Authorization synchron halten
" GUT: Gleiche Logik für beideDATA(can_approve) = xsdbool( is_approver = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-submitted).
" Feature Control%action-approveL1 = COND #( WHEN can_approve = abap_true THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled )
" Authorization%action-approveL1 = COND #( WHEN can_approve = abap_true THEN if_abap_behv=>auth-allowed ELSE if_abap_behv=>auth-unauthorized )DO: Workflow-Historie vollständig dokumentieren
" GUT: Alle Workflow-Aktionen mit Zeitstempel und Benutzer protokollierenMODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE ENTITY LeaveRequest UPDATE FIELDS ( WorkflowStatus ApprovedL1At ApprovedL1By ) WITH VALUE #( ( %tky = <request>-%tky WorkflowStatus = gc_status-approved1 ApprovedL1At = get_current_timestamp( ) ApprovedL1By = get_current_user( ) ) ).DON’T: Status-Logik duplizieren
" SCHLECHT: Gleiche Prüfung an mehreren StellenMETHOD approveL1. IF <request>-WorkflowStatus = 'SU'. " Hardcoded String ... ENDIF.ENDMETHOD.
METHOD get_instance_features. IF <request>-WorkflowStatus = 'SU'. " Wieder hardcoded ... ENDIF.ENDMETHOD.
" GUT: Konstanten verwendenCONSTANTS: BEGIN OF gc_status, submitted TYPE c LENGTH 2 VALUE 'SU', END OF gc_status.Erweiterungsmöglichkeiten
Der gezeigte Workflow kann erweitert werden:
| Erweiterung | Beschreibung |
|---|---|
| E-Mail-Benachrichtigung | Bei Statusänderung automatisch Beteiligte informieren |
| Eskalation | Automatische Weiterleitung nach Zeitüberschreitung |
| Vertretungsregeln | Genehmigung durch Stellvertreter ermöglichen |
| Parallele Genehmigung | Mehrere Genehmiger gleichzeitig |
| Bedingte Workflows | Unterschiedliche Genehmigungsstufen je nach Urlaubslänge |
Zusammenfassung
In diesem Artikel haben wir einen vollständigen Approval-Workflow für Urlaubsanträge implementiert:
- Draft Handling ermöglicht das Zwischenspeichern von Anträgen vor dem Einreichen
- Status-basierte Actions steuern die Workflow-Transitionen (Submit, Approve, Reject)
- Feature Control zeigt nur relevante Actions für den jeweiligen Status und Benutzer
- Authorization stellt sicher, dass nur berechtigte Benutzer Aktionen ausführen
- Workflow-Historie dokumentiert alle Genehmigungsschritte mit Zeitstempel
Das Muster lässt sich auf beliebige Genehmigungsszenarien übertragen: Bestellfreigaben, Reisekostenabrechnungen, Änderungsanträge und mehr.
Weiterführende Themen
- Draft Handling in RAP - Grundlagen der Draft-Funktionalität
- RAP Authorization - Berechtigungen in ABAP Cloud
- RAP Actions und Functions - Geschäftslogik implementieren
- Feature Control & Side Effects - Dynamische UI-Steuerung
- RAP Determinations und Validations - Automatische Berechnungen und Prüfungen