PDF-Generierung in ABAP Cloud

kategorie

Integration

Veröffentlicht

Feb 14, 2026

autor

PDF-Generierung in ABAP Cloud unterscheidet sich grundlegend von On-Premise. Klassische Adobe Forms (SFP) und SmartForms stehen auf SAP BTP nicht zur Verfuegung. Stattdessen nutzt du Cloud-native Alternativen wie XSL-FO, den SAP Forms Service by Adobe oder externe PDF-Services.

Verfuegbare Optionen im Ueberblick

In ABAP Cloud gibt es mehrere Wege, PDFs zu generieren:

Option	Beschreibung	Anwendungsfall
XSL-FO	XML-basierte Transformation zu PDF	Einfache bis mittlere Dokumente
SAP Forms Service by Adobe	Cloud-basierter Adobe Forms Dienst	Komplexe Formulare mit Adobe-Templates
Externe PDF-Services	HTTP-basierte PDF-APIs	Flexibilitaet, spezielle Anforderungen
SAP Document Management	Integration mit DMS	Dokumenten-Workflows

Architektur-Uebersicht

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    PDF-Generierung in ABAP Cloud                            │
│                                                                              │
│  ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│  │                     RAP Business Object / Service                       │ │
│  │                                                                          │ │
│  │  ┌─────────────────────┐                                                │ │
│  │  │   RAP Action        │                                                │ │
│  │  │   "Generate PDF"    │                                                │ │
│  │  └──────────┬──────────┘                                                │ │
│  └─────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│                │                                                              │
│                ▼                                                              │
│  ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│  │                     PDF-Generierungs-Optionen                           │ │
│  │                                                                          │ │
│  │  ┌───────────────────┐  ┌───────────────────┐  ┌───────────────────┐   │ │
│  │  │     XSL-FO        │  │  SAP Forms        │  │  Externe APIs     │   │ │
│  │  │                   │  │  Service          │  │  (PDF-Services)   │   │ │
│  │  │  - XML + XSLT     │  │  - Adobe Templates│  │  - REST APIs      │   │ │
│  │  │  - cl_xslt_proc   │  │  - BTP Service    │  │  - HTTP Client    │   │ │
│  │  └───────────────────┘  └───────────────────┘  └───────────────────┘   │ │
│  └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│                │                                                              │
│                ▼                                                              │
│  ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│  │                          PDF Output                                       │ │
│  │  - Download via RAP Action Result                                         │ │
│  │  - Attachment an Business Object                                          │ │
│  │  - Email-Versand                                                          │ │
│  └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

XSL-FO: XML-basierte PDF-Generierung

XSL-FO (Extensible Stylesheet Language Formatting Objects) ist eine W3C-Standardtechnik fuer die Transformation von XML zu paginierten Dokumenten wie PDF.

Grundprinzip

┌──────────────┐     ┌──────────────┐     ┌──────────────┐
│   XML-Daten  │  +  │  XSL-FO      │  =  │    PDF       │
│              │     │  Stylesheet  │     │              │
└──────────────┘     └──────────────┘     └──────────────┘

XML-Datenstruktur

Zunaechst definierst du eine XML-Struktur fuer deine Dokumentdaten:

" XML-Daten fuer Rechnung generieren
CLASS zcl_invoice_xml_generator DEFINITION
  PUBLIC FINAL
  CREATE PUBLIC.

  PUBLIC SECTION.
    TYPES:
      BEGIN OF ty_invoice_item,
        position    TYPE i,
        description TYPE string,
        quantity    TYPE i,
        unit_price  TYPE p LENGTH 10 DECIMALS 2,
        total       TYPE p LENGTH 10 DECIMALS 2,
      END OF ty_invoice_item,
      ty_invoice_items TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ty_invoice_item WITH KEY position.

    TYPES:
      BEGIN OF ty_invoice,
        invoice_number TYPE string,
        invoice_date   TYPE d,
        customer_name  TYPE string,
        customer_addr  TYPE string,
        items          TYPE ty_invoice_items,
        subtotal       TYPE p LENGTH 10 DECIMALS 2,
        tax            TYPE p LENGTH 10 DECIMALS 2,
        total          TYPE p LENGTH 10 DECIMALS 2,
      END OF ty_invoice.

    METHODS:
      generate_xml
        IMPORTING is_invoice    TYPE ty_invoice
        RETURNING VALUE(rv_xml) TYPE xstring.

ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_invoice_xml_generator IMPLEMENTATION.

  METHOD generate_xml.
    " XML-Dokument aufbauen
    DATA(lo_doc) = cl_ixml=>create( )->create_document( ).

    " Root-Element
    DATA(lo_root) = lo_doc->create_element( name = 'Invoice' ).
    lo_doc->append_child( lo_root ).

    " Header-Elemente
    DATA(lo_header) = lo_doc->create_element( name = 'Header' ).
    lo_root->append_child( lo_header ).

    DATA(lo_inv_no) = lo_doc->create_element( name = 'InvoiceNumber' ).
    lo_inv_no->set_value( is_invoice-invoice_number ).
    lo_header->append_child( lo_inv_no ).

    DATA(lo_date) = lo_doc->create_element( name = 'InvoiceDate' ).
    lo_date->set_value( |{ is_invoice-invoice_date DATE = USER }| ).
    lo_header->append_child( lo_date ).

    " Kundendaten
    DATA(lo_customer) = lo_doc->create_element( name = 'Customer' ).
    lo_root->append_child( lo_customer ).

    DATA(lo_cust_name) = lo_doc->create_element( name = 'Name' ).
    lo_cust_name->set_value( is_invoice-customer_name ).
    lo_customer->append_child( lo_cust_name ).

    DATA(lo_cust_addr) = lo_doc->create_element( name = 'Address' ).
    lo_cust_addr->set_value( is_invoice-customer_addr ).
    lo_customer->append_child( lo_cust_addr ).

    " Positionen
    DATA(lo_items) = lo_doc->create_element( name = 'Items' ).
    lo_root->append_child( lo_items ).

    LOOP AT is_invoice-items INTO DATA(ls_item).
      DATA(lo_item) = lo_doc->create_element( name = 'Item' ).
      lo_items->append_child( lo_item ).

      DATA(lo_pos) = lo_doc->create_element( name = 'Position' ).
      lo_pos->set_value( |{ ls_item-position }| ).
      lo_item->append_child( lo_pos ).

      DATA(lo_desc) = lo_doc->create_element( name = 'Description' ).
      lo_desc->set_value( ls_item-description ).
      lo_item->append_child( lo_desc ).

      DATA(lo_qty) = lo_doc->create_element( name = 'Quantity' ).
      lo_qty->set_value( |{ ls_item-quantity }| ).
      lo_item->append_child( lo_qty ).

      DATA(lo_price) = lo_doc->create_element( name = 'UnitPrice' ).
      lo_price->set_value( |{ ls_item-unit_price }| ).
      lo_item->append_child( lo_price ).

      DATA(lo_total) = lo_doc->create_element( name = 'Total' ).
      lo_total->set_value( |{ ls_item-total }| ).
      lo_item->append_child( lo_total ).
    ENDLOOP.

    " Summen
    DATA(lo_totals) = lo_doc->create_element( name = 'Totals' ).
    lo_root->append_child( lo_totals ).

    DATA(lo_subtotal) = lo_doc->create_element( name = 'Subtotal' ).
    lo_subtotal->set_value( |{ is_invoice-subtotal }| ).
    lo_totals->append_child( lo_subtotal ).

    DATA(lo_tax) = lo_doc->create_element( name = 'Tax' ).
    lo_tax->set_value( |{ is_invoice-tax }| ).
    lo_totals->append_child( lo_tax ).

    DATA(lo_grand_total) = lo_doc->create_element( name = 'GrandTotal' ).
    lo_grand_total->set_value( |{ is_invoice-total }| ).
    lo_totals->append_child( lo_grand_total ).

    " XML als String
    DATA(lo_stream) = cl_ixml=>create( )->create_stream_factory( )->create_ostream_xstring( rv_xml ).
    cl_ixml=>create( )->create_renderer( document = lo_doc ostream = lo_stream )->render( ).
  ENDMETHOD.

ENDCLASS.

XSL-FO Stylesheet

Das XSL-FO Stylesheet definiert das Layout deines PDFs:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
    xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
    xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format">

  <xsl:template match="/Invoice">
    <fo:root>
      <!-- Seitenlayout definieren -->
      <fo:layout-master-set>
        <fo:simple-page-master master-name="A4"
            page-height="297mm" page-width="210mm"
            margin-top="20mm" margin-bottom="20mm"
            margin-left="25mm" margin-right="25mm">
          <fo:region-body margin-top="30mm" margin-bottom="20mm"/>
          <fo:region-before extent="25mm"/>
          <fo:region-after extent="15mm"/>
        </fo:simple-page-master>
      </fo:layout-master-set>

      <fo:page-sequence master-reference="A4">
        <!-- Kopfzeile -->
        <fo:static-content flow-name="xsl-region-before">
          <fo:block font-size="18pt" font-weight="bold" text-align="center">
            RECHNUNG
          </fo:block>
        </fo:static-content>

        <!-- Fusszeile -->
        <fo:static-content flow-name="xsl-region-after">
          <fo:block font-size="8pt" text-align="center">
            Seite <fo:page-number/> von <fo:page-number-citation ref-id="last-page"/>
          </fo:block>
        </fo:static-content>

        <!-- Hauptinhalt -->
        <fo:flow flow-name="xsl-region-body">
          <!-- Rechnungskopf -->
          <fo:block font-size="10pt" margin-bottom="10mm">
            <fo:table width="100%">
              <fo:table-column column-width="50%"/>
              <fo:table-column column-width="50%"/>
              <fo:table-body>
                <fo:table-row>
                  <fo:table-cell>
                    <fo:block font-weight="bold">Kunde:</fo:block>
                    <fo:block><xsl:value-of select="Customer/Name"/></fo:block>
                    <fo:block><xsl:value-of select="Customer/Address"/></fo:block>
                  </fo:table-cell>
                  <fo:table-cell text-align="right">
                    <fo:block>Rechnungsnummer: <xsl:value-of select="Header/InvoiceNumber"/></fo:block>
                    <fo:block>Datum: <xsl:value-of select="Header/InvoiceDate"/></fo:block>
                  </fo:table-cell>
                </fo:table-row>
              </fo:table-body>
            </fo:table>
          </fo:block>

          <!-- Positionen -->
          <fo:block margin-top="10mm">
            <fo:table width="100%" border="1pt solid black">
              <fo:table-column column-width="10%"/>
              <fo:table-column column-width="45%"/>
              <fo:table-column column-width="15%"/>
              <fo:table-column column-width="15%"/>
              <fo:table-column column-width="15%"/>
              <fo:table-header>
                <fo:table-row background-color="#EEEEEE" font-weight="bold">
                  <fo:table-cell border="1pt solid black" padding="2mm">
                    <fo:block>Pos.</fo:block>
                  </fo:table-cell>
                  <fo:table-cell border="1pt solid black" padding="2mm">
                    <fo:block>Beschreibung</fo:block>
                  </fo:table-cell>
                  <fo:table-cell border="1pt solid black" padding="2mm" text-align="right">
                    <fo:block>Menge</fo:block>
                  </fo:table-cell>
                  <fo:table-cell border="1pt solid black" padding="2mm" text-align="right">
                    <fo:block>Einzelpreis</fo:block>
                  </fo:table-cell>
                  <fo:table-cell border="1pt solid black" padding="2mm" text-align="right">
                    <fo:block>Gesamt</fo:block>
                  </fo:table-cell>
                </fo:table-row>
              </fo:table-header>
              <fo:table-body>
                <xsl:for-each select="Items/Item">
                  <fo:table-row>
                    <fo:table-cell border="1pt solid black" padding="2mm">
                      <fo:block><xsl:value-of select="Position"/></fo:block>
                    </fo:table-cell>
                    <fo:table-cell border="1pt solid black" padding="2mm">
                      <fo:block><xsl:value-of select="Description"/></fo:block>
                    </fo:table-cell>
                    <fo:table-cell border="1pt solid black" padding="2mm" text-align="right">
                      <fo:block><xsl:value-of select="Quantity"/></fo:block>
                    </fo:table-cell>
                    <fo:table-cell border="1pt solid black" padding="2mm" text-align="right">
                      <fo:block><xsl:value-of select="UnitPrice"/> EUR</fo:block>
                    </fo:table-cell>
                    <fo:table-cell border="1pt solid black" padding="2mm" text-align="right">
                      <fo:block><xsl:value-of select="Total"/> EUR</fo:block>
                    </fo:table-cell>
                  </fo:table-row>
                </xsl:for-each>
              </fo:table-body>
            </fo:table>
          </fo:block>

          <!-- Summen -->
          <fo:block margin-top="5mm" text-align="right">
            <fo:table width="40%" margin-left="60%">
              <fo:table-column column-width="60%"/>
              <fo:table-column column-width="40%"/>
              <fo:table-body>
                <fo:table-row>
                  <fo:table-cell padding="1mm"><fo:block>Zwischensumme:</fo:block></fo:table-cell>
                  <fo:table-cell padding="1mm" text-align="right">
                    <fo:block><xsl:value-of select="Totals/Subtotal"/> EUR</fo:block>
                  </fo:table-cell>
                </fo:table-row>
                <fo:table-row>
                  <fo:table-cell padding="1mm"><fo:block>MwSt (19%):</fo:block></fo:table-cell>
                  <fo:table-cell padding="1mm" text-align="right">
                    <fo:block><xsl:value-of select="Totals/Tax"/> EUR</fo:block>
                  </fo:table-cell>
                </fo:table-row>
                <fo:table-row font-weight="bold">
                  <fo:table-cell padding="1mm" border-top="2pt solid black">
                    <fo:block>Gesamtbetrag:</fo:block>
                  </fo:table-cell>
                  <fo:table-cell padding="1mm" text-align="right" border-top="2pt solid black">
                    <fo:block><xsl:value-of select="Totals/GrandTotal"/> EUR</fo:block>
                  </fo:table-cell>
                </fo:table-row>
              </fo:table-body>
            </fo:table>
          </fo:block>

          <!-- Letzte Seite markieren fuer Seitenzahlen -->
          <fo:block id="last-page"/>
        </fo:flow>
      </fo:page-sequence>
    </fo:root>
  </xsl:template>

</xsl:stylesheet>

XSL-FO zu PDF transformieren

" PDF-Generator mit XSL-FO
CLASS zcl_pdf_generator DEFINITION
  PUBLIC FINAL
  CREATE PUBLIC.

  PUBLIC SECTION.
    METHODS:
      generate_pdf
        IMPORTING iv_xml        TYPE xstring
                  iv_xsl_fo     TYPE xstring
        RETURNING VALUE(rv_pdf) TYPE xstring
        RAISING   cx_transformation_error.

    METHODS:
      generate_invoice_pdf
        IMPORTING is_invoice    TYPE zcl_invoice_xml_generator=>ty_invoice
        RETURNING VALUE(rv_pdf) TYPE xstring
        RAISING   cx_transformation_error.

  PRIVATE SECTION.
    METHODS:
      get_xsl_fo_template
        RETURNING VALUE(rv_xsl) TYPE xstring.

ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_pdf_generator IMPLEMENTATION.

  METHOD generate_pdf.
    " XSL-FO Transformation
    " Hinweis: Die direkte PDF-Generierung aus XSL-FO ist in ABAP Cloud
    " eingeschraenkt. Fuer produktive Szenarien wird empfohlen,
    " einen externen FOP-Service (Apache FOP) oder SAP Forms Service zu nutzen.

    " Alternative: Transformation zu XSL-FO Output
    DATA lv_xsl_fo_result TYPE xstring.

    CALL TRANSFORMATION id
      SOURCE XML iv_xml
      RESULT XML lv_xsl_fo_result.

    " Der XSL-FO Output muss dann an einen FOP-Prozessor gesendet werden
    " Dies erfolgt typischerweise ueber einen HTTP-Aufruf an einen externen Service
    rv_pdf = call_fop_service( lv_xsl_fo_result ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD generate_invoice_pdf.
    " Rechnung als PDF generieren
    DATA(lo_xml_gen) = NEW zcl_invoice_xml_generator( ).
    DATA(lv_xml) = lo_xml_gen->generate_xml( is_invoice ).

    DATA(lv_xsl_fo) = get_xsl_fo_template( ).

    rv_pdf = generate_pdf(
      iv_xml    = lv_xml
      iv_xsl_fo = lv_xsl_fo
    ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD get_xsl_fo_template.
    " XSL-FO Template aus Repository lesen
    " In ABAP Cloud: Aus MIME Repository oder als Konstante
    DATA lv_template TYPE string.
    lv_template = |<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>| &&
                  |<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" ...>| &&
                  |...| &&
                  |</xsl:stylesheet>|.

    rv_xsl = cl_abap_conv_codepage=>create_out( )->convert( lv_template ).
  ENDMETHOD.

ENDCLASS.

SAP Forms Service by Adobe

Der SAP Forms Service by Adobe ist die Cloud-native Loesung fuer komplexe Formulare. Er ermoeglicht die Nutzung von Adobe-basierten Templates auf SAP BTP.

Service-Ueberblick

Aspekt	Beschreibung
Service	SAP Forms Service by Adobe
Protokoll	REST API (JSON/XML)
Templates	XDP (Adobe LiveCycle Designer)
Output	PDF, Print Stream
Lizenz	Separate BTP-Lizenz erforderlich

Architektur

┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    SAP Forms Service by Adobe                               │
│                                                                             │
│  ┌───────────────────┐          ┌───────────────────────────────────────┐  │
│  │   ABAP Cloud      │          │      SAP Forms Service                │  │
│  │                   │   HTTP   │                                       │  │
│  │  ┌─────────────┐  │  ─────►  │  ┌─────────────────────────────────┐  │  │
│  │  │ Form Data   │  │  JSON    │  │        Template Storage         │  │  │
│  │  │ (XML/JSON)  │  │          │  │        (XDP Templates)          │  │  │
│  │  └─────────────┘  │          │  └─────────────────────────────────┘  │  │
│  │                   │          │                  │                    │  │
│  │                   │  ◄─────  │                  ▼                    │  │
│  │  ┌─────────────┐  │   PDF    │  ┌─────────────────────────────────┐  │  │
│  │  │   PDF       │  │          │  │      Adobe Forms Engine         │  │  │
│  │  │   Output    │  │          │  │      (PDF Rendering)            │  │  │
│  │  └─────────────┘  │          │  └─────────────────────────────────┘  │  │
│  └───────────────────┘          └───────────────────────────────────────┘  │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Communication Arrangement einrichten

Communication Scenario erstellen fuer SAP Forms Service
Communication System mit BTP Forms Service URL konfigurieren
Communication Arrangement mit OAuth 2.0 Credentials

Code-Beispiel: Forms Service aufrufen

" SAP Forms Service Client
CLASS zcl_forms_service_client DEFINITION
  PUBLIC FINAL
  CREATE PUBLIC.

  PUBLIC SECTION.
    TYPES:
      BEGIN OF ty_form_request,
        template_name TYPE string,
        template_data TYPE string,  " JSON oder XML
        output_type   TYPE string,  " PDF, PCL, PS
      END OF ty_form_request.

    TYPES:
      BEGIN OF ty_form_response,
        pdf_content TYPE xstring,
        page_count  TYPE i,
        status      TYPE string,
        message     TYPE string,
      END OF ty_form_response.

    METHODS:
      constructor
        IMPORTING iv_comm_scenario TYPE string.

    METHODS:
      render_form
        IMPORTING is_request        TYPE ty_form_request
        RETURNING VALUE(rs_response) TYPE ty_form_response
        RAISING   cx_http_dest_provider_error
                  cx_web_http_client_error.

  PRIVATE SECTION.
    DATA: mv_comm_scenario TYPE string.

    METHODS:
      get_http_client
        RETURNING VALUE(ro_client) TYPE REF TO if_web_http_client
        RAISING   cx_http_dest_provider_error
                  cx_web_http_client_error.

ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_forms_service_client IMPLEMENTATION.

  METHOD constructor.
    mv_comm_scenario = iv_comm_scenario.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD render_form.
    " HTTP Client erstellen
    DATA(lo_client) = get_http_client( ).

    TRY.
        " Request vorbereiten
        DATA(lo_request) = lo_client->get_http_request( ).
        lo_request->set_header_field(
          i_name  = 'Content-Type'
          i_value = 'application/json'
        ).

        " Request Body (JSON)
        DATA(lv_request_body) = |\{| &&
          |"templateSource": "storageName",| &&
          |"templateName": "{ is_request-template_name }",| &&
          |"outputType": "{ is_request-output_type }",| &&
          |"data": { is_request-template_data }| &&
          |\}|.

        lo_request->set_text( lv_request_body ).

        " API aufrufen
        DATA(lo_response) = lo_client->execute( if_web_http_client=>post ).

        " Response verarbeiten
        DATA(lv_status) = lo_response->get_status( ).

        IF lv_status-code = 200.
          rs_response-pdf_content = lo_response->get_binary( ).
          rs_response-status = 'SUCCESS'.
        ELSE.
          rs_response-status = 'ERROR'.
          rs_response-message = lo_response->get_text( ).
        ENDIF.

      CATCH cx_web_http_client_error INTO DATA(lx_http).
        rs_response-status = 'ERROR'.
        rs_response-message = lx_http->get_text( ).
    ENDTRY.

    lo_client->close( ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD get_http_client.
    " Destination aus Communication Arrangement
    DATA(lo_destination) = cl_http_destination_provider=>create_by_comm_arrangement(
      comm_scenario  = mv_comm_scenario
      service_id     = 'FORMS_SERVICE'
    ).

    ro_client = cl_web_http_client_manager=>create_by_http_destination( lo_destination ).
  ENDMETHOD.

ENDCLASS.

Template-Daten vorbereiten

" Form-Daten als JSON fuer Forms Service
CLASS zcl_form_data_builder DEFINITION
  PUBLIC FINAL
  CREATE PUBLIC.

  PUBLIC SECTION.
    METHODS:
      build_invoice_data
        IMPORTING is_invoice    TYPE zcl_invoice_xml_generator=>ty_invoice
        RETURNING VALUE(rv_json) TYPE string.

ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_form_data_builder IMPLEMENTATION.

  METHOD build_invoice_data.
    " JSON-Struktur fuer Adobe Form Template
    DATA(lo_json) = NEW /ui2/cl_json( ).

    " Datenstruktur aufbauen
    DATA: BEGIN OF ls_form_data,
            header TYPE REF TO data,
            customer TYPE REF TO data,
            items TYPE REF TO data,
            totals TYPE REF TO data,
          END OF ls_form_data.

    " Header
    CREATE DATA ls_form_data-header TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF string WITH EMPTY KEY.
    " ... Daten fuellen

    " JSON serialisieren
    rv_json = /ui2/cl_json=>serialize(
      data        = ls_form_data
      compress    = abap_true
      pretty_name = /ui2/cl_json=>pretty_mode-camel_case
    ).
  ENDMETHOD.

ENDCLASS.

Externe PDF-Services

Fuer maximale Flexibilitaet kannst du externe PDF-APIs nutzen. Populaere Optionen sind:

Service	Beschreibung	Vorteile
PDFShift	HTML zu PDF API	Einfach, flexibel
DocRaptor	HTML/CSS zu PDF	Gute CSS-Unterstuetzung
Prince	XML/HTML zu PDF	Hervorragende Typografie
AWS Textract	PDF-Verarbeitung	AWS-Integration

Code-Beispiel: Externen PDF-Service nutzen

" Externer PDF-Service Client (z.B. PDFShift)
CLASS zcl_external_pdf_service DEFINITION
  PUBLIC FINAL
  CREATE PUBLIC.

  PUBLIC SECTION.
    METHODS:
      constructor
        IMPORTING iv_api_key TYPE string
                  iv_api_url TYPE string.

    METHODS:
      html_to_pdf
        IMPORTING iv_html       TYPE string
                  iv_options    TYPE string OPTIONAL
        RETURNING VALUE(rv_pdf) TYPE xstring
        RAISING   cx_web_http_client_error
                  zcx_pdf_generation_error.

  PRIVATE SECTION.
    DATA: mv_api_key TYPE string,
          mv_api_url TYPE string.

ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_external_pdf_service IMPLEMENTATION.

  METHOD constructor.
    mv_api_key = iv_api_key.
    mv_api_url = iv_api_url.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD html_to_pdf.
    " Destination aus Communication Arrangement
    DATA(lo_destination) = cl_http_destination_provider=>create_by_cloud_destination(
      i_name                  = 'Z_PDF_SERVICE'
      i_authn_mode            = if_a4c_cp_service=>service_specific
    ).

    DATA(lo_client) = cl_web_http_client_manager=>create_by_http_destination(
      i_destination = lo_destination
    ).

    TRY.
        DATA(lo_request) = lo_client->get_http_request( ).

        " Headers setzen
        lo_request->set_header_field(
          i_name  = 'Content-Type'
          i_value = 'application/json'
        ).
        lo_request->set_header_field(
          i_name  = 'Authorization'
          i_value = |Basic { mv_api_key }|
        ).

        " Request Body
        DATA(lv_body) = |\{| &&
          |"source": "{ escape( val = iv_html format = cl_abap_format=>e_json_string ) }",| &&
          |"landscape": false,| &&
          |"use_print": true| &&
          |\}|.

        lo_request->set_text( lv_body ).

        " API aufrufen
        DATA(lo_response) = lo_client->execute( if_web_http_client=>post ).

        DATA(lv_status) = lo_response->get_status( ).

        IF lv_status-code = 200.
          rv_pdf = lo_response->get_binary( ).
        ELSE.
          RAISE EXCEPTION TYPE zcx_pdf_generation_error
            EXPORTING
              textid = zcx_pdf_generation_error=>api_error
              mv_message = lo_response->get_text( ).
        ENDIF.

      CLEANUP.
        lo_client->close( ).
    ENDTRY.
  ENDMETHOD.

ENDCLASS.

HTML-Template fuer PDF

" HTML-basierte PDF-Generierung
CLASS zcl_html_pdf_generator DEFINITION
  PUBLIC FINAL
  CREATE PUBLIC.

  PUBLIC SECTION.
    METHODS:
      generate_invoice_html
        IMPORTING is_invoice     TYPE zcl_invoice_xml_generator=>ty_invoice
        RETURNING VALUE(rv_html) TYPE string.

ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_html_pdf_generator IMPLEMENTATION.

  METHOD generate_invoice_html.
    " HTML-Template mit Inline-CSS fuer PDF
    rv_html =
      |<!DOCTYPE html>| &&
      |<html>| &&
      |<head>| &&
      |<style>| &&
      |body \{ font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 40px; \}| &&
      |h1 \{ color: #333; \}| &&
      |table \{ width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-top: 20px; \}| &&
      |th, td \{ border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left; \}| &&
      |th \{ background-color: #f2f2f2; \}| &&
      |.totals \{ width: 300px; float: right; margin-top: 20px; \}| &&
      |.totals td:last-child \{ text-align: right; \}| &&
      |.grand-total \{ font-weight: bold; border-top: 2px solid #333; \}| &&
      |</style>| &&
      |</head>| &&
      |<body>| &&
      |<h1>RECHNUNG</h1>| &&
      |<div style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between;">| &&
      |<div>| &&
      |<strong>Kunde:</strong><br>| &&
      |{ is_invoice-customer_name }<br>| &&
      |{ is_invoice-customer_addr }| &&
      |</div>| &&
      |<div style="text-align: right;">| &&
      |<strong>Rechnungsnummer:</strong> { is_invoice-invoice_number }<br>| &&
      |<strong>Datum:</strong> { is_invoice-invoice_date DATE = USER }| &&
      |</div>| &&
      |</div>|.

    " Positionen
    rv_html = rv_html &&
      |<table>| &&
      |<tr><th>Pos.</th><th>Beschreibung</th><th>Menge</th>| &&
      |<th>Einzelpreis</th><th>Gesamt</th></tr>|.

    LOOP AT is_invoice-items INTO DATA(ls_item).
      rv_html = rv_html &&
        |<tr>| &&
        |<td>{ ls_item-position }</td>| &&
        |<td>{ ls_item-description }</td>| &&
        |<td>{ ls_item-quantity }</td>| &&
        |<td>{ ls_item-unit_price } EUR</td>| &&
        |<td>{ ls_item-total } EUR</td>| &&
        |</tr>|.
    ENDLOOP.

    rv_html = rv_html && |</table>|.

    " Summen
    rv_html = rv_html &&
      |<table class="totals">| &&
      |<tr><td>Zwischensumme:</td><td>{ is_invoice-subtotal } EUR</td></tr>| &&
      |<tr><td>MwSt (19%):</td><td>{ is_invoice-tax } EUR</td></tr>| &&
      |<tr class="grand-total">| &&
      |<td>Gesamtbetrag:</td><td>{ is_invoice-total } EUR</td></tr>| &&
      |</table>| &&
      |</body></html>|.
  ENDMETHOD.

ENDCLASS.

RAP Action fuer PDF-Generierung

Die beste Integration erfolgt ueber eine RAP Action, die PDFs direkt im Business Object generiert.

Behavior Definition

managed implementation in class ZBP_I_INVOICE unique;
strict ( 2 );

define behavior for ZI_Invoice alias Invoice
persistent table zinvoice
lock master
authorization master ( instance )
{
  create;
  update;
  delete;

  // PDF-Generierung als Action
  action generatePdf result [1] $self;

  // Static Factory Action fuer Download
  static action downloadInvoicePdf
    parameter ZA_InvoiceDownload
    result [1] ZA_PdfResult;

  field ( readonly ) InvoiceUUID, CreatedAt, CreatedBy;
}

Action Parameter und Result

-- Parameter fuer Download Action
@EndUserText.label: 'Invoice Download Parameter'
define abstract entity ZA_InvoiceDownload
{
  InvoiceNumber : abap.char(10);
  OutputFormat  : abap.char(10); // PDF, HTML
}

-- Result mit PDF Binary
@EndUserText.label: 'PDF Result'
define abstract entity ZA_PdfResult
{
  FileName    : abap.char(100);
  MimeType    : abap.char(50);
  FileContent : abap.rawstring(0);  // XSTRING fuer Binary
}

Behavior Implementation

" RAP Behavior Implementation mit PDF-Action
CLASS lhc_invoice DEFINITION INHERITING FROM cl_abap_behavior_handler.

  PRIVATE SECTION.
    METHODS generatePdf FOR MODIFY
      IMPORTING keys FOR ACTION Invoice~generatePdf RESULT result.

    METHODS downloadInvoicePdf FOR MODIFY
      IMPORTING keys FOR ACTION Invoice~downloadInvoicePdf RESULT result.

    METHODS:
      build_invoice_data
        IMPORTING is_invoice       TYPE zinvoice
        RETURNING VALUE(rs_data)   TYPE zcl_invoice_xml_generator=>ty_invoice.

ENDCLASS.

CLASS lhc_invoice IMPLEMENTATION.

  METHOD generatePdf.
    " Rechnungsdaten lesen
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_invoice IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Invoice
      ALL FIELDS WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(lt_invoices).

    LOOP AT lt_invoices INTO DATA(ls_invoice).
      " Daten fuer PDF aufbereiten
      DATA(ls_pdf_data) = build_invoice_data( CORRESPONDING #( ls_invoice ) ).

      " PDF generieren
      TRY.
          DATA(lo_pdf_gen) = NEW zcl_pdf_generator( ).
          DATA(lv_pdf) = lo_pdf_gen->generate_invoice_pdf( ls_pdf_data ).

          " PDF als Attachment speichern (optional)
          " Oder: In result zurueckgeben

          " Erfolgsmeldung
          APPEND VALUE #(
            %tky = ls_invoice-%tky
            %param = ls_invoice
          ) TO result.

        CATCH cx_transformation_error INTO DATA(lx_error).
          " Fehler melden
          APPEND VALUE #(
            %tky = ls_invoice-%tky
            %msg = new_message_with_text(
              severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error
              text     = lx_error->get_text( )
            )
          ) TO reported-invoice.
      ENDTRY.
    ENDLOOP.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD downloadInvoicePdf.
    " Parameter auslesen
    DATA(ls_param) = keys[ 1 ]-%param.

    " Rechnung laden
    SELECT SINGLE *
      FROM zinvoice
      WHERE invoice_number = @ls_param-InvoiceNumber
      INTO @DATA(ls_invoice).

    IF sy-subrc <> 0.
      APPEND VALUE #(
        %tky = keys[ 1 ]-%tky
        %msg = new_message_with_text(
          severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error
          text     = |Rechnung { ls_param-InvoiceNumber } nicht gefunden|
        )
      ) TO reported-invoice.
      RETURN.
    ENDIF.

    " PDF generieren
    TRY.
        DATA(ls_pdf_data) = build_invoice_data( ls_invoice ).
        DATA(lo_pdf_gen) = NEW zcl_pdf_generator( ).
        DATA(lv_pdf) = lo_pdf_gen->generate_invoice_pdf( ls_pdf_data ).

        " Result zurueckgeben
        APPEND VALUE #(
          %tky = keys[ 1 ]-%tky
          %param = VALUE #(
            FileName    = |Rechnung_{ ls_param-InvoiceNumber }.pdf|
            MimeType    = 'application/pdf'
            FileContent = lv_pdf
          )
        ) TO result.

      CATCH cx_transformation_error INTO DATA(lx_error).
        APPEND VALUE #(
          %tky = keys[ 1 ]-%tky
          %msg = new_message_with_text(
            severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error
            text     = lx_error->get_text( )
          )
        ) TO reported-invoice.
    ENDTRY.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD build_invoice_data.
    " Rechnungsdaten fuer PDF aufbereiten
    rs_data-invoice_number = is_invoice-invoice_number.
    rs_data-invoice_date = is_invoice-invoice_date.
    rs_data-customer_name = is_invoice-customer_name.
    rs_data-customer_addr = is_invoice-customer_address.

    " Positionen laden
    SELECT position, description, quantity, unit_price, total_amount
      FROM zinvoice_item
      WHERE invoice_uuid = @is_invoice-invoice_uuid
      INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE @rs_data-items.

    " Summen berechnen
    LOOP AT rs_data-items INTO DATA(ls_item).
      rs_data-subtotal = rs_data-subtotal + ls_item-total.
    ENDLOOP.

    rs_data-tax = rs_data-subtotal * '0.19'.
    rs_data-total = rs_data-subtotal + rs_data-tax.
  ENDMETHOD.

ENDCLASS.

Fehlerbehandlung

Custom Exception fuer PDF-Generierung

" PDF-Generierungs-Exception
CLASS zcx_pdf_generation_error DEFINITION
  PUBLIC
  INHERITING FROM cx_static_check
  CREATE PUBLIC.

  PUBLIC SECTION.
    INTERFACES if_t100_message.

    CONSTANTS:
      BEGIN OF template_not_found,
        msgid TYPE symsgid VALUE 'ZPDF',
        msgno TYPE symsgno VALUE '001',
        attr1 TYPE scx_attrname VALUE 'MV_TEMPLATE',
        attr2 TYPE scx_attrname VALUE '',
        attr3 TYPE scx_attrname VALUE '',
        attr4 TYPE scx_attrname VALUE '',
      END OF template_not_found,
      BEGIN OF api_error,
        msgid TYPE symsgid VALUE 'ZPDF',
        msgno TYPE symsgno VALUE '002',
        attr1 TYPE scx_attrname VALUE 'MV_MESSAGE',
        attr2 TYPE scx_attrname VALUE '',
        attr3 TYPE scx_attrname VALUE '',
        attr4 TYPE scx_attrname VALUE '',
      END OF api_error,
      BEGIN OF transformation_error,
        msgid TYPE symsgid VALUE 'ZPDF',
        msgno TYPE symsgno VALUE '003',
        attr1 TYPE scx_attrname VALUE 'MV_MESSAGE',
        attr2 TYPE scx_attrname VALUE '',
        attr3 TYPE scx_attrname VALUE '',
        attr4 TYPE scx_attrname VALUE '',
      END OF transformation_error.

    DATA: mv_template TYPE string READ-ONLY,
          mv_message  TYPE string READ-ONLY.

    METHODS:
      constructor
        IMPORTING
          textid   LIKE if_t100_message=>t100key OPTIONAL
          previous LIKE previous OPTIONAL
          mv_template TYPE string OPTIONAL
          mv_message  TYPE string OPTIONAL.

ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcx_pdf_generation_error IMPLEMENTATION.

  METHOD constructor.
    super->constructor( previous = previous ).
    me->mv_template = mv_template.
    me->mv_message = mv_message.

    CLEAR me->textid.
    IF textid IS INITIAL.
      if_t100_message~t100key = if_t100_message=>default_textid.
    ELSE.
      if_t100_message~t100key = textid.
    ENDIF.
  ENDMETHOD.

ENDCLASS.

Robuste PDF-Generierung

" PDF-Service mit Retry-Logik
CLASS zcl_robust_pdf_service DEFINITION
  PUBLIC FINAL
  CREATE PUBLIC.

  PUBLIC SECTION.
    METHODS:
      generate_pdf_with_retry
        IMPORTING is_data       TYPE any
                  iv_template   TYPE string
                  iv_max_retries TYPE i DEFAULT 3
        RETURNING VALUE(rv_pdf) TYPE xstring
        RAISING   zcx_pdf_generation_error.

  PRIVATE SECTION.
    CONSTANTS:
      gc_retry_delay_ms TYPE i VALUE 1000.

ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_robust_pdf_service IMPLEMENTATION.

  METHOD generate_pdf_with_retry.
    DATA: lv_attempts TYPE i VALUE 0,
          lx_last_error TYPE REF TO cx_root.

    WHILE lv_attempts < iv_max_retries.
      lv_attempts = lv_attempts + 1.

      TRY.
          " PDF generieren
          DATA(lo_service) = NEW zcl_forms_service_client( 'Z_FORMS_COMM' ).
          DATA(ls_response) = lo_service->render_form(
            is_request = VALUE #(
              template_name = iv_template
              template_data = /ui2/cl_json=>serialize( data = is_data )
              output_type   = 'PDF'
            )
          ).

          IF ls_response-status = 'SUCCESS'.
            rv_pdf = ls_response-pdf_content.
            RETURN.  " Erfolg
          ELSE.
            " Service-Fehler
            lx_last_error = NEW zcx_pdf_generation_error(
              textid = zcx_pdf_generation_error=>api_error
              mv_message = ls_response-message
            ).
          ENDIF.

        CATCH cx_http_dest_provider_error
              cx_web_http_client_error INTO DATA(lx_http).
          " Netzwerk-Fehler - Retry moeglich
          lx_last_error = lx_http.
      ENDTRY.

      " Warten vor Retry
      IF lv_attempts < iv_max_retries.
        DATA(lv_wait) = gc_retry_delay_ms * lv_attempts.
        " In ABAP Cloud: cl_abap_timers verwenden
      ENDIF.
    ENDWHILE.

    " Alle Versuche fehlgeschlagen
    RAISE EXCEPTION TYPE zcx_pdf_generation_error
      EXPORTING
        textid   = zcx_pdf_generation_error=>api_error
        previous = lx_last_error
        mv_message = |PDF-Generierung nach { iv_max_retries } Versuchen fehlgeschlagen|.
  ENDMETHOD.

ENDCLASS.

Alternativen und Workarounds

Option 1: HTML-Export statt PDF

Fuer einfache Dokumente kann ein HTML-Export ausreichen:

" HTML als Alternative zu PDF
CLASS zcl_html_document_generator DEFINITION
  PUBLIC FINAL
  CREATE PUBLIC.

  PUBLIC SECTION.
    METHODS:
      generate_html_document
        IMPORTING is_data         TYPE any
        RETURNING VALUE(rv_html)  TYPE string.

    METHODS:
      get_as_data_uri
        IMPORTING iv_html            TYPE string
        RETURNING VALUE(rv_data_uri) TYPE string.

ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_html_document_generator IMPLEMENTATION.

  METHOD generate_html_document.
    " Vollstaendiges HTML-Dokument mit Print-optimiertem CSS
    rv_html =
      |<!DOCTYPE html>| &&
      |<html>| &&
      |<head>| &&
      |<style>| &&
      |@media print \{| &&
      |  body \{ margin: 0; padding: 20mm; \}| &&
      |  .no-print \{ display: none; \}| &&
      |  @page \{ size: A4; margin: 20mm; \}| &&
      |\}| &&
      |</style>| &&
      |</head>| &&
      |<body>| &&
      |<button class="no-print" onclick="window.print()">Drucken</button>| &&
      |<!-- Dokumentinhalt -->| &&
      |</body>| &&
      |</html>|.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD get_as_data_uri.
    " HTML als Data URI fuer direkten Download
    DATA(lv_base64) = cl_http_utility=>encode_base64(
      cl_abap_conv_codepage=>create_out( )->convert( iv_html )
    ).
    rv_data_uri = |data:text/html;base64,{ lv_base64 }|.
  ENDMETHOD.

ENDCLASS.

Option 2: Excel-Export als Alternative

" Excel-Export fuer tabellarische Daten
CLASS zcl_excel_exporter DEFINITION
  PUBLIC FINAL
  CREATE PUBLIC.

  PUBLIC SECTION.
    METHODS:
      export_to_excel
        IMPORTING it_data         TYPE ANY TABLE
        RETURNING VALUE(rv_excel) TYPE xstring.

ENDCLASS.

Option 3: Asynchrone PDF-Generierung

Fuer grosse Dokumente oder Massengenerierung:

" Asynchrone PDF-Generierung mit bgPF
CLASS zcl_async_pdf_generator DEFINITION
  PUBLIC FINAL
  CREATE PUBLIC.

  PUBLIC SECTION.
    METHODS:
      schedule_pdf_generation
        IMPORTING iv_invoice_id TYPE zinvoice_id
        RETURNING VALUE(rv_job_id) TYPE string.

    METHODS:
      check_pdf_status
        IMPORTING iv_job_id TYPE string
        EXPORTING ev_status TYPE string
                  ev_pdf    TYPE xstring.

ENDCLASS.

Best Practices

Empfehlungen fuer PDF-Generierung

Aspekt	Empfehlung
Einfache Dokumente	HTML-zu-PDF mit externem Service
Komplexe Formulare	SAP Forms Service by Adobe
Hohe Volumen	Asynchrone Generierung mit bgPF
Offline-Szenarien	HTML-Export mit Print-CSS
Compliance	Zugriffsprotokollierung implementieren

Performance-Tipps

Caching: Templates und statische Inhalte cachen
Batch-Verarbeitung: Mehrere PDFs in einem Request generieren
Komprimierung: PDF-Komprimierung aktivieren
Asynchron: Grosse PDFs im Hintergrund generieren

Weiterfuehrende Themen

HTTP Client - HTTP-Kommunikation fuer externe Services
RAP Actions und Functions - Actions fuer PDF-Download
Background Jobs - Asynchrone PDF-Generierung
Output Management - Druckausgabe in der Cloud

Zusammenfassung

PDF-Generierung in ABAP Cloud erfordert neue Ansaetze:

XSL-FO fuer XML-basierte Transformation (mit externem FOP-Prozessor)
SAP Forms Service by Adobe fuer komplexe Formulare mit Adobe-Templates
Externe PDF-APIs fuer maximale Flexibilitaet (PDFShift, DocRaptor)
RAP Actions integrieren PDF-Generierung nahtlos in Business Objects
Fehlerbehandlung mit Retry-Logik fuer robuste Produktion

Die Wahl der richtigen Option haengt von deinen Anforderungen ab: Komplexitaet der Dokumente, vorhandene Templates, Volumen und Budget.