RAP Draft pour scenarios de workflow : Processus d

Catégorie

RAP

Publié

15. Feb. 2026

Auteur

Les workflows d’approbation sont un element central des applications d’entreprise. Les demandes de conges, les validations de commandes ou les notes de frais passent par plusieurs etapes d’approbation avant d’etre finalement approuvees. Le RESTful ABAP Programming Model (RAP) offre avec le Draft Handling la base ideale pour de tels workflows : les demandes peuvent etre sauvegardees comme brouillon, soumises et traitees par differents approbateurs.

Dans cet article, nous implementons un workflow complet de demande de conges avec approbation multi-niveaux. Vous apprendrez a definir des Actions basees sur le statut, a utiliser le Feature Control pour un controle UI contextuel et a modeliser l’ensemble du processus d’approbation dans RAP.

Apercu du workflow

Notre demande de conges passe par les phases suivantes :

┌─────────────┐     ┌─────────────┐     ┌─────────────┐     ┌─────────────┐
│   DRAFT     │────▶│  SUBMITTED  │────▶│  APPROVED   │────▶│   ACTIVE    │
│  (Brouillon)│     │  (Soumis)   │     │(Approuve N1)│     │  (Final)    │
└─────────────┘     └─────────────┘     └─────────────┘     └─────────────┘
       │                   │                   │
       │                   │                   │
       ▼                   ▼                   ▼
┌─────────────┐     ┌─────────────┐     ┌─────────────┐
│  DISCARDED  │     │  REJECTED   │     │  REJECTED   │
│  (Rejete)   │     │ (Refuse N1) │     │ (Refuse N2) │
└─────────────┘     └─────────────┘     └─────────────┘

Statut	Description	Actions suivantes
`DRAFT`	L’employe cree/edite la demande	Submit, Discard
`SUBMITTED`	Soumis, en attente du responsable	Approve, Reject (Niveau 1)
`APPROVED`	Approuve par le responsable, en attente RH	Approve, Reject (Niveau 2)
`ACTIVE`	Approuve finalement, actif dans le systeme	-
`REJECTED`	Refuse, retourne au demandeur	Resubmit, Discard

Modele de donnees

Table de base de donnees pour les demandes de conges

@EndUserText.label : 'Demande de conges"
@AbapCatalog.enhancement.category : #NOT_EXTENSIBLE
@AbapCatalog.tableCategory : #TRANSPARENT
define table zleave_request {
  key client            : abap.clnt not null;
  key request_uuid      : sysuuid_x16 not null;
  request_id            : abap.numc(10);
  employee_id           : abap.numc(8);
  employee_name         : abap.char(80);
  leave_type            : abap.char(2);    // VA=Vacances, SP=Special, SI=Maladie
  start_date            : abap.dats;
  end_date              : abap.dats;
  days_requested        : abap.int4;
  reason                : abap.string(500);

  // Gestion des statuts
  workflow_status       : abap.char(2);    // DR/SU/A1/AC/RJ
  current_approver      : abap.char(12);
  approval_level        : abap.int1;       // 1=Manager, 2=RH

  // Historique d'approbation
  submitted_at          : timestampl;
  submitted_by          : abap.char(12);
  approved_l1_at        : timestampl;
  approved_l1_by        : abap.char(12);
  approved_l2_at        : timestampl;
  approved_l2_by        : abap.char(12);
  rejected_at           : timestampl;
  rejected_by           : abap.char(12);
  rejection_reason      : abap.string(500);

  // Champs administratifs
  created_by            : abap.char(12);
  created_at            : timestampl;
  last_changed_by       : abap.char(12);
  last_changed_at       : timestampl;
  local_last_changed_at : timestampl;
}

Table Draft

@EndUserText.label : 'Demande de conges Draft"
@AbapCatalog.tableCategory : #TRANSPARENT
define table zdraft_leave_req {
  key client            : abap.clnt not null;
  key request_uuid      : sysuuid_x16 not null;
  request_id            : abap.numc(10);
  employee_id           : abap.numc(8);
  employee_name         : abap.char(80);
  leave_type            : abap.char(2);
  start_date            : abap.dats;
  end_date              : abap.dats;
  days_requested        : abap.int4;
  reason                : abap.string(500);
  workflow_status       : abap.char(2);
  current_approver      : abap.char(12);
  approval_level        : abap.int1;

  // Champs Draft-Admin
  "%admin"              : include sych_bdl_draft_admin_inc;
}

CDS Interface View

@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #NOT_REQUIRED
@EndUserText.label: 'Demande de conges - Interface View"
define root view entity ZI_LeaveRequest
  as select from zleave_request
{
  key request_uuid          as RequestUUID,
      request_id            as RequestId,
      employee_id           as EmployeeId,
      employee_name         as EmployeeName,
      leave_type            as LeaveType,
      start_date            as StartDate,
      end_date              as EndDate,
      days_requested        as DaysRequested,
      reason                as Reason,

      // Statut du workflow
      workflow_status       as WorkflowStatus,
      current_approver      as CurrentApprover,
      approval_level        as ApprovalLevel,

      // Historique d'approbation
      submitted_at          as SubmittedAt,
      submitted_by          as SubmittedBy,
      approved_l1_at        as ApprovedL1At,
      approved_l1_by        as ApprovedL1By,
      approved_l2_at        as ApprovedL2At,
      approved_l2_by        as ApprovedL2By,
      rejected_at           as RejectedAt,
      rejected_by           as RejectedBy,
      rejection_reason      as RejectionReason,

      // Champ calcule pour le texte du statut
      case workflow_status
        when 'DR' then 'Brouillon"
        when 'SU' then 'Soumis"
        when 'A1' then 'Approuve (Niveau 1)"
        when 'AC' then 'Actif"
        when 'RJ' then 'Refuse"
        else 'Inconnu"
      end                   as WorkflowStatusText,

      // Criticality pour l'affichage du statut
      case workflow_status
        when 'DR' then 0    // Neutre
        when 'SU' then 2    // Warning (jaune)
        when 'A1' then 2    // Warning (jaune)
        when 'AC' then 3    // Success (vert)
        when 'RJ' then 1    // Error (rouge)
        else 0
      end                   as StatusCriticality,

      // Champs administratifs
      @Semantics.user.createdBy: true
      created_by            as CreatedBy,
      @Semantics.systemDateTime.createdAt: true
      created_at            as CreatedAt,
      @Semantics.user.lastChangedBy: true
      last_changed_by       as LastChangedBy,
      @Semantics.systemDateTime.lastChangedAt: true
      last_changed_at       as LastChangedAt,
      @Semantics.systemDateTime.localInstanceLastChangedAt: true
      local_last_changed_at as LocalLastChangedAt
}

Behavior Definition avec Actions de workflow

La Behavior Definition est le coeur du workflow. Nous y definissons toutes les transitions de statut comme Actions avec Feature Control :

managed implementation in class zbp_i_leave_request unique;
strict ( 2 );
with draft;

define behavior for ZI_LeaveRequest alias LeaveRequest
persistent table zleave_request
draft table zdraft_leave_req
lock master total etag LastChangedAt
authorization master ( instance, global )
etag master LastChangedAt
{
  // Operations standard
  create;
  update;
  delete;

  // Proprietes des champs
  field ( readonly ) RequestId, CreatedBy, CreatedAt, LastChangedBy, LastChangedAt;
  field ( readonly ) WorkflowStatus, CurrentApprover, ApprovalLevel;
  field ( readonly ) SubmittedAt, SubmittedBy, ApprovedL1At, ApprovedL1By;
  field ( readonly ) ApprovedL2At, ApprovedL2By, RejectedAt, RejectedBy;
  field ( numbering : managed ) RequestId;

  // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
  // ACTIONS DU WORKFLOW
  // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

  // Demandeur : Soumettre
  action ( features : instance ) submit result [1] $self;

  // Approbateur Niveau 1 (Responsable) : Approuver ou Refuser
  action ( features : instance ) approveL1 result [1] $self;
  action ( features : instance ) rejectL1
    parameter ZA_RejectionInput
    result [1] $self;

  // Approbateur Niveau 2 (RH) : Approbation ou refus final
  action ( features : instance ) approveL2 result [1] $self;
  action ( features : instance ) rejectL2
    parameter ZA_RejectionInput
    result [1] $self;

  // Demandeur : Resoumettre une demande refusee
  action ( features : instance ) resubmit result [1] $self;

  // Demandeur : Retirer (avant soumission)
  action ( features : instance ) withdraw result [1] $self;

  // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
  // VALIDATIONS
  // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

  validation validateDates on save { field StartDate, EndDate; }
  validation validateDaysRequested on save { field DaysRequested; }
  validation validateLeaveType on save { field LeaveType; }

  // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
  // DETERMINATIONS
  // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

  determination setInitialStatus on modify { create; }
  determination calculateDays on modify { field StartDate, EndDate; }
  determination setEmployeeData on modify { create; }

  // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
  // ACTIONS DRAFT
  // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

  draft action Edit;
  draft action Activate optimized;
  draft action Discard;
  draft action Resume;
  draft determine action Prepare {
    validation validateDates;
    validation validateDaysRequested;
    validation validateLeaveType;
  }

  // Mapping
  mapping for zleave_request
  {
    RequestUUID = request_uuid;
    RequestId = request_id;
    EmployeeId = employee_id;
    EmployeeName = employee_name;
    LeaveType = leave_type;
    StartDate = start_date;
    EndDate = end_date;
    DaysRequested = days_requested;
    Reason = reason;
    WorkflowStatus = workflow_status;
    CurrentApprover = current_approver;
    ApprovalLevel = approval_level;
    SubmittedAt = submitted_at;
    SubmittedBy = submitted_by;
    ApprovedL1At = approved_l1_at;
    ApprovedL1By = approved_l1_by;
    ApprovedL2At = approved_l2_at;
    ApprovedL2By = approved_l2_by;
    RejectedAt = rejected_at;
    RejectedBy = rejected_by;
    RejectionReason = rejection_reason;
    CreatedBy = created_by;
    CreatedAt = created_at;
    LastChangedBy = last_changed_by;
    LastChangedAt = last_changed_at;
    LocalLastChangedAt = local_last_changed_at;
  }
}

Abstract Entity pour le motif de refus

@EndUserText.label: 'Motif de refus"
define abstract entity ZA_RejectionInput
{
  @UI.multiLineText: true
  @EndUserText.label: 'Motif de refus"
  RejectionReason : abap.string(500);
}

Behavior Implementation

L’implementation contient la logique du workflow avec les transitions de statut, le Feature Control et les validations :

CLASS lhc_leaverequest DEFINITION INHERITING FROM cl_abap_behavior_handler.
  PRIVATE SECTION.
    CONSTANTS:
      " Statuts du workflow
      BEGIN OF gc_status,
        draft     TYPE c LENGTH 2 VALUE 'DR',
        submitted TYPE c LENGTH 2 VALUE 'SU',
        approved1 TYPE c LENGTH 2 VALUE 'A1',
        active    TYPE c LENGTH 2 VALUE 'AC',
        rejected  TYPE c LENGTH 2 VALUE 'RJ',
      END OF gc_status.

    " Determinations
    METHODS setInitialStatus FOR DETERMINE ON MODIFY
      IMPORTING keys FOR LeaveRequest~setInitialStatus.

    METHODS calculateDays FOR DETERMINE ON MODIFY
      IMPORTING keys FOR LeaveRequest~calculateDays.

    METHODS setEmployeeData FOR DETERMINE ON MODIFY
      IMPORTING keys FOR LeaveRequest~setEmployeeData.

    " Validations
    METHODS validateDates FOR VALIDATE ON SAVE
      IMPORTING keys FOR LeaveRequest~validateDates.

    METHODS validateDaysRequested FOR VALIDATE ON SAVE
      IMPORTING keys FOR LeaveRequest~validateDaysRequested.

    METHODS validateLeaveType FOR VALIDATE ON SAVE
      IMPORTING keys FOR LeaveRequest~validateLeaveType.

    " Actions du workflow
    METHODS submit FOR MODIFY
      IMPORTING keys FOR ACTION LeaveRequest~submit RESULT result.

    METHODS approveL1 FOR MODIFY
      IMPORTING keys FOR ACTION LeaveRequest~approveL1 RESULT result.

    METHODS rejectL1 FOR MODIFY
      IMPORTING keys FOR ACTION LeaveRequest~rejectL1 RESULT result.

    METHODS approveL2 FOR MODIFY
      IMPORTING keys FOR ACTION LeaveRequest~approveL2 RESULT result.

    METHODS rejectL2 FOR MODIFY
      IMPORTING keys FOR ACTION LeaveRequest~rejectL2 RESULT result.

    METHODS resubmit FOR MODIFY
      IMPORTING keys FOR ACTION LeaveRequest~resubmit RESULT result.

    METHODS withdraw FOR MODIFY
      IMPORTING keys FOR ACTION LeaveRequest~withdraw RESULT result.

    " Feature Control
    METHODS get_instance_features FOR INSTANCE FEATURES
      IMPORTING keys REQUEST requested_features FOR LeaveRequest RESULT result.

    " Authorization
    METHODS get_instance_authorizations FOR INSTANCE AUTHORIZATION
      IMPORTING keys REQUEST requested_authorizations FOR LeaveRequest RESULT result.

    METHODS get_global_authorizations FOR GLOBAL AUTHORIZATION
      IMPORTING REQUEST requested_authorizations FOR LeaveRequest RESULT result.

    " Methodes utilitaires
    METHODS get_current_user
      RETURNING VALUE(result) TYPE syuname.

    METHODS get_current_timestamp
      RETURNING VALUE(result) TYPE timestampl.

    METHODS get_manager_for_employee
      IMPORTING employee_id   TYPE numc8
      RETURNING VALUE(result) TYPE syuname.

    METHODS is_current_user_approver
      IMPORTING request       TYPE zi_leaverequest
      RETURNING VALUE(result) TYPE abap_boolean.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS lhc_leaverequest IMPLEMENTATION.

  METHOD setInitialStatus.
    " Definir les valeurs initiales lors de CREATE
    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY LeaveRequest
        UPDATE FIELDS ( WorkflowStatus ApprovalLevel )
        WITH VALUE #( FOR key IN keys (
          %tky           = key-%tky
          WorkflowStatus = gc_status-draft
          ApprovalLevel  = 0
        ) ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD calculateDays.
    " Calculer le nombre de jours de conge a partir des dates de debut et fin
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY LeaveRequest
        FIELDS ( StartDate EndDate )
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(requests).

    LOOP AT requests ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<request>).
      IF <request>-StartDate IS NOT INITIAL
        AND <request>-EndDate IS NOT INITIAL.
        DATA(days) = <request>-EndDate - <request>-StartDate + 1.
        IF days > 0.
          MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE
            ENTITY LeaveRequest
              UPDATE FIELDS ( DaysRequested )
              WITH VALUE #( (
                %tky          = <request>-%tky
                DaysRequested = days
              ) ).
        ENDIF.
      ENDIF.
    ENDLOOP.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD setEmployeeData.
    " Determiner les donnees de l'employe a partir des donnees utilisateur
    DATA(current_user) = get_current_user( ).

    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY LeaveRequest
        UPDATE FIELDS ( EmployeeId EmployeeName )
        WITH VALUE #( FOR key IN keys (
          %tky         = key-%tky
          EmployeeId   = current_user
          EmployeeName = current_user  " Simplifie - normalement depuis les RH
        ) ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD validateDates.
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY LeaveRequest
        FIELDS ( StartDate EndDate )
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(requests).

    DATA(today) = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ).

    LOOP AT requests ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<request>).
      " La date de debut doit etre dans le futur
      IF <request>-StartDate < today.
        APPEND VALUE #(
          %tky = <request>-%tky
          %element-StartDate = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
        ) TO failed-leaverequest.

        APPEND VALUE #(
          %tky = <request>-%tky
          %state_area = 'VALIDATE_DATES"
          %element-StartDate = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
          %msg = new_message_with_text(
            severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error
            text     = 'La date de debut doit etre dans le futur"
          )
        ) TO reported-leaverequest.
      ENDIF.

      " La date de fin doit etre apres la date de debut
      IF <request>-EndDate < <request>-StartDate.
        APPEND VALUE #(
          %tky = <request>-%tky
          %element-EndDate = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
        ) TO failed-leaverequest.

        APPEND VALUE #(
          %tky = <request>-%tky
          %state_area = 'VALIDATE_DATES"
          %element-EndDate = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
          %msg = new_message_with_text(
            severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error
            text     = 'La date de fin doit etre apres la date de debut"
          )
        ) TO reported-leaverequest.
      ENDIF.
    ENDLOOP.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD validateDaysRequested.
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY LeaveRequest
        FIELDS ( DaysRequested LeaveType )
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(requests).

    LOOP AT requests ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<request>).
      " Verifier le nombre maximum de jours de conge
      DATA(max_days) = SWITCH i(
        <request>-LeaveType
        WHEN 'VA' THEN 30   " Vacances
        WHEN 'SP' THEN 5    " Conge special
        WHEN 'SI' THEN 180  " Maladie
        ELSE 30
      ).

      IF <request>-DaysRequested > max_days.
        APPEND VALUE #(
          %tky = <request>-%tky
          %element-DaysRequested = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
        ) TO failed-leaverequest.

        APPEND VALUE #(
          %tky = <request>-%tky
          %state_area = 'VALIDATE_DAYS"
          %element-DaysRequested = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
          %msg = new_message_with_text(
            severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error
            text     = |Maximum { max_days } jours autorises pour ce type de conge|
          )
        ) TO reported-leaverequest.
      ENDIF.
    ENDLOOP.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD validateLeaveType.
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY LeaveRequest
        FIELDS ( LeaveType )
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(requests).

    DATA(valid_types) = VALUE string_table( ( `VA` ) ( `SP` ) ( `SI` ) ).

    LOOP AT requests ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<request>).
      IF NOT line_exists( valid_types[ table_line = <request>-LeaveType ] ).
        APPEND VALUE #(
          %tky = <request>-%tky
          %element-LeaveType = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
        ) TO failed-leaverequest.

        APPEND VALUE #(
          %tky = <request>-%tky
          %state_area = 'VALIDATE_TYPE"
          %element-LeaveType = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
          %msg = new_message_with_text(
            severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error
            text     = 'Type de conge invalide (VA, SP, SI autorises)"
          )
        ) TO reported-leaverequest.
      ENDIF.
    ENDLOOP.
  ENDMETHOD.

  "═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
  " ACTIONS DU WORKFLOW
  "═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

  METHOD submit.
    " Soumettre la demande : DRAFT → SUBMITTED
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY LeaveRequest
        FIELDS ( WorkflowStatus EmployeeId )
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(requests).

    DATA(current_user) = get_current_user( ).
    DATA(timestamp) = get_current_timestamp( ).

    LOOP AT requests ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<request>).
      " Seules les demandes en brouillon peuvent etre soumises
      IF <request>-WorkflowStatus <> gc_status-draft.
        APPEND VALUE #(
          %tky = <request>-%tky
          %msg = new_message_with_text(
            severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error
            text     = 'Seuls les brouillons peuvent etre soumis"
          )
        ) TO reported-leaverequest.
        APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky ) TO failed-leaverequest.
        CONTINUE.
      ENDIF.

      " Determiner le responsable
      DATA(manager) = get_manager_for_employee( CONV #( <request>-EmployeeId ) ).

      " Effectuer la transition de statut
      MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE
        ENTITY LeaveRequest
          UPDATE FIELDS ( WorkflowStatus CurrentApprover ApprovalLevel SubmittedAt SubmittedBy )
          WITH VALUE #( (
            %tky            = <request>-%tky
            WorkflowStatus  = gc_status-submitted
            CurrentApprover = manager
            ApprovalLevel   = 1
            SubmittedAt     = timestamp
            SubmittedBy     = current_user
          ) ).
    ENDLOOP.

    " Retourner les donnees mises a jour
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY LeaveRequest
        ALL FIELDS
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(updated_requests).

    result = VALUE #( FOR req IN updated_requests (
      %tky   = req-%tky
      %param = req
    ) ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD approveL1.
    " Approbation Niveau 1 : SUBMITTED → APPROVED1
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY LeaveRequest
        ALL FIELDS
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(requests).

    DATA(current_user) = get_current_user( ).
    DATA(timestamp) = get_current_timestamp( ).

    LOOP AT requests ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<request>).
      " Verification : statut correct et approbateur
      IF <request>-WorkflowStatus <> gc_status-submitted.
        APPEND VALUE #(
          %tky = <request>-%tky
          %msg = new_message_with_text(
            severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error
            text     = 'La demande ne peut pas etre approuvee dans ce statut"
          )
        ) TO reported-leaverequest.
        APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky ) TO failed-leaverequest.
        CONTINUE.
      ENDIF.

      IF NOT is_current_user_approver( <request> ).
        APPEND VALUE #(
          %tky = <request>-%tky
          %msg = new_message_with_text(
            severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error
            text     = 'Vous n etes pas autorise comme approbateur"
          )
        ) TO reported-leaverequest.
        APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky ) TO failed-leaverequest.
        CONTINUE.
      ENDIF.

      " Determiner l'approbateur RH (Niveau 2)
      DATA(hr_approver) = CONV syuname( 'HR_APPROVER' ). " Simplifie

      " Transition de statut : SUBMITTED → APPROVED1
      MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE
        ENTITY LeaveRequest
          UPDATE FIELDS ( WorkflowStatus CurrentApprover ApprovalLevel ApprovedL1At ApprovedL1By )
          WITH VALUE #( (
            %tky            = <request>-%tky
            WorkflowStatus  = gc_status-approved1
            CurrentApprover = hr_approver
            ApprovalLevel   = 2
            ApprovedL1At    = timestamp
            ApprovedL1By    = current_user
          ) ).
    ENDLOOP.

    " Retourner le resultat
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY LeaveRequest
        ALL FIELDS
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(updated_requests).

    result = VALUE #( FOR req IN updated_requests (
      %tky   = req-%tky
      %param = req
    ) ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD rejectL1.
    " Refus Niveau 1 : SUBMITTED → REJECTED
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY LeaveRequest
        ALL FIELDS
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(requests).

    DATA(current_user) = get_current_user( ).
    DATA(timestamp) = get_current_timestamp( ).

    LOOP AT requests ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<request>).
      LOOP AT keys ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<key>)
        WHERE %tky = <request>-%tky.

        " Motif de refus depuis le parametre
        DATA(rejection_reason) = <key>-%param-RejectionReason.

        IF <request>-WorkflowStatus <> gc_status-submitted.
          APPEND VALUE #(
            %tky = <request>-%tky
            %msg = new_message_with_text(
              severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error
              text     = 'La demande ne peut pas etre refusee dans ce statut"
            )
          ) TO reported-leaverequest.
          APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky ) TO failed-leaverequest.
          CONTINUE.
        ENDIF.

        IF NOT is_current_user_approver( <request> ).
          APPEND VALUE #(
            %tky = <request>-%tky
            %msg = new_message_with_text(
              severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error
              text     = 'Vous n etes pas autorise comme approbateur"
            )
          ) TO reported-leaverequest.
          APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky ) TO failed-leaverequest.
          CONTINUE.
        ENDIF.

        " Transition de statut : SUBMITTED → REJECTED
        MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE
          ENTITY LeaveRequest
            UPDATE FIELDS ( WorkflowStatus CurrentApprover RejectedAt RejectedBy RejectionReason )
            WITH VALUE #( (
              %tky            = <request>-%tky
              WorkflowStatus  = gc_status-rejected
              CurrentApprover = <request>-EmployeeId  " Retour au demandeur
              RejectedAt      = timestamp
              RejectedBy      = current_user
              RejectionReason = rejection_reason
            ) ).
      ENDLOOP.
    ENDLOOP.

    " Retourner le resultat
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY LeaveRequest
        ALL FIELDS
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(updated_requests).

    result = VALUE #( FOR req IN updated_requests (
      %tky   = req-%tky
      %param = req
    ) ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD approveL2.
    " Approbation Niveau 2 (RH) : APPROVED1 → ACTIVE
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY LeaveRequest
        ALL FIELDS
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(requests).

    DATA(current_user) = get_current_user( ).
    DATA(timestamp) = get_current_timestamp( ).

    LOOP AT requests ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<request>).
      IF <request>-WorkflowStatus <> gc_status-approved1.
        APPEND VALUE #(
          %tky = <request>-%tky
          %msg = new_message_with_text(
            severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error
            text     = 'La demande doit d abord etre approuvee par le responsable"
          )
        ) TO reported-leaverequest.
        APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky ) TO failed-leaverequest.
        CONTINUE.
      ENDIF.

      IF NOT is_current_user_approver( <request> ).
        APPEND VALUE #(
          %tky = <request>-%tky
          %msg = new_message_with_text(
            severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error
            text     = 'Vous n etes pas autorise comme approbateur RH"
          )
        ) TO reported-leaverequest.
        APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky ) TO failed-leaverequest.
        CONTINUE.
      ENDIF.

      " Approbation finale : APPROVED1 → ACTIVE
      MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE
        ENTITY LeaveRequest
          UPDATE FIELDS ( WorkflowStatus CurrentApprover ApprovedL2At ApprovedL2By )
          WITH VALUE #( (
            %tky            = <request>-%tky
            WorkflowStatus  = gc_status-active
            CurrentApprover = ''  " Workflow termine
            ApprovedL2At    = timestamp
            ApprovedL2By    = current_user
          ) ).
    ENDLOOP.

    " Retourner le resultat
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY LeaveRequest
        ALL FIELDS
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(updated_requests).

    result = VALUE #( FOR req IN updated_requests (
      %tky   = req-%tky
      %param = req
    ) ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD rejectL2.
    " Refus Niveau 2 (RH) : APPROVED1 → REJECTED
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY LeaveRequest
        ALL FIELDS
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(requests).

    DATA(current_user) = get_current_user( ).
    DATA(timestamp) = get_current_timestamp( ).

    LOOP AT requests ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<request>).
      LOOP AT keys ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<key>)
        WHERE %tky = <request>-%tky.

        DATA(rejection_reason) = <key>-%param-RejectionReason.

        IF <request>-WorkflowStatus <> gc_status-approved1.
          APPEND VALUE #(
            %tky = <request>-%tky
            %msg = new_message_with_text(
              severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error
              text     = 'La demande ne peut pas etre refusee dans ce statut"
            )
          ) TO reported-leaverequest.
          APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky ) TO failed-leaverequest.
          CONTINUE.
        ENDIF.

        " APPROVED1 → REJECTED
        MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE
          ENTITY LeaveRequest
            UPDATE FIELDS ( WorkflowStatus CurrentApprover RejectedAt RejectedBy RejectionReason )
            WITH VALUE #( (
              %tky            = <request>-%tky
              WorkflowStatus  = gc_status-rejected
              CurrentApprover = <request>-EmployeeId
              RejectedAt      = timestamp
              RejectedBy      = current_user
              RejectionReason = rejection_reason
            ) ).
      ENDLOOP.
    ENDLOOP.

    " Retourner le resultat
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY LeaveRequest
        ALL FIELDS
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(updated_requests).

    result = VALUE #( FOR req IN updated_requests (
      %tky   = req-%tky
      %param = req
    ) ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD resubmit.
    " Resoumettre une demande refusee : REJECTED → SUBMITTED
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY LeaveRequest
        FIELDS ( WorkflowStatus EmployeeId )
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(requests).

    DATA(current_user) = get_current_user( ).
    DATA(timestamp) = get_current_timestamp( ).

    LOOP AT requests ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<request>).
      IF <request>-WorkflowStatus <> gc_status-rejected.
        APPEND VALUE #(
          %tky = <request>-%tky
          %msg = new_message_with_text(
            severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error
            text     = 'Seules les demandes refusees peuvent etre resoumises"
          )
        ) TO reported-leaverequest.
        APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky ) TO failed-leaverequest.
        CONTINUE.
      ENDIF.

      DATA(manager) = get_manager_for_employee( CONV #( <request>-EmployeeId ) ).

      " Reinitialiser et resoumettre
      MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE
        ENTITY LeaveRequest
          UPDATE FIELDS ( WorkflowStatus CurrentApprover ApprovalLevel
                          RejectedAt RejectedBy RejectionReason SubmittedAt SubmittedBy )
          WITH VALUE #( (
            %tky            = <request>-%tky
            WorkflowStatus  = gc_status-submitted
            CurrentApprover = manager
            ApprovalLevel   = 1
            RejectedAt      = VALUE #( )  " Reset
            RejectedBy      = '"
            RejectionReason = '"
            SubmittedAt     = timestamp
            SubmittedBy     = current_user
          ) ).
    ENDLOOP.

    " Retourner le resultat
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY LeaveRequest
        ALL FIELDS
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(updated_requests).

    result = VALUE #( FOR req IN updated_requests (
      %tky   = req-%tky
      %param = req
    ) ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD withdraw.
    " Retirer une demande soumise : SUBMITTED → DRAFT
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY LeaveRequest
        FIELDS ( WorkflowStatus EmployeeId )
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(requests).

    DATA(current_user) = get_current_user( ).

    LOOP AT requests ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<request>).
      " Seules les demandes soumises peuvent etre retirees
      IF <request>-WorkflowStatus <> gc_status-submitted.
        APPEND VALUE #(
          %tky = <request>-%tky
          %msg = new_message_with_text(
            severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error
            text     = 'Seules les demandes soumises peuvent etre retirees"
          )
        ) TO reported-leaverequest.
        APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky ) TO failed-leaverequest.
        CONTINUE.
      ENDIF.

      " Seul le demandeur peut retirer
      IF CONV syuname( <request>-EmployeeId ) <> current_user.
        APPEND VALUE #(
          %tky = <request>-%tky
          %msg = new_message_with_text(
            severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error
            text     = 'Seul le demandeur peut retirer la demande"
          )
        ) TO reported-leaverequest.
        APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <request>-%tky ) TO failed-leaverequest.
        CONTINUE.
      ENDIF.

      " Retour a Draft
      MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE
        ENTITY LeaveRequest
          UPDATE FIELDS ( WorkflowStatus CurrentApprover ApprovalLevel
                          SubmittedAt SubmittedBy )
          WITH VALUE #( (
            %tky            = <request>-%tky
            WorkflowStatus  = gc_status-draft
            CurrentApprover = '"
            ApprovalLevel   = 0
            SubmittedAt     = VALUE #( )
            SubmittedBy     = '"
          ) ).
    ENDLOOP.

    " Retourner le resultat
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY LeaveRequest
        ALL FIELDS
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(updated_requests).

    result = VALUE #( FOR req IN updated_requests (
      %tky   = req-%tky
      %param = req
    ) ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  "═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
  " FEATURE CONTROL
  "═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

  METHOD get_instance_features.
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY LeaveRequest
        FIELDS ( WorkflowStatus EmployeeId CurrentApprover )
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(requests).

    DATA(current_user) = get_current_user( ).

    LOOP AT requests ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<request>).
      DATA(is_owner) = xsdbool( CONV syuname( <request>-EmployeeId ) = current_user ).
      DATA(is_approver) = is_current_user_approver( <request> ).

      APPEND VALUE #(
        %tky = <request>-%tky

        " Update/Delete seulement pour le proprietaire en statut Draft
        %update = COND #(
          WHEN is_owner = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-draft
          THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled
          ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled )

        %delete = COND #(
          WHEN is_owner = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-draft
          THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled
          ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled )

        " Submit : seulement pour le proprietaire en statut Draft
        %action-submit = COND #(
          WHEN is_owner = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-draft
          THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled
          ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled )

        " Withdraw : seulement pour le proprietaire en statut Submitted
        %action-withdraw = COND #(
          WHEN is_owner = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-submitted
          THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled
          ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled )

        " Resubmit : seulement pour le proprietaire en statut Rejected
        %action-resubmit = COND #(
          WHEN is_owner = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-rejected
          THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled
          ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled )

        " ApproveL1/RejectL1 : seulement pour l'approbateur en statut Submitted
        %action-approveL1 = COND #(
          WHEN is_approver = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-submitted
          THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled
          ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled )

        %action-rejectL1 = COND #(
          WHEN is_approver = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-submitted
          THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled
          ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled )

        " ApproveL2/RejectL2 : seulement pour l'approbateur en statut Approved1
        %action-approveL2 = COND #(
          WHEN is_approver = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-approved1
          THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled
          ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled )

        %action-rejectL2 = COND #(
          WHEN is_approver = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-approved1
          THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled
          ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled )

      ) TO result.
    ENDLOOP.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD get_instance_authorizations.
    " Verification des autorisations analogue au Feature Control
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY LeaveRequest
        FIELDS ( WorkflowStatus EmployeeId CurrentApprover )
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(requests).

    DATA(current_user) = get_current_user( ).

    LOOP AT requests ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<request>).
      DATA(is_owner) = xsdbool( CONV syuname( <request>-EmployeeId ) = current_user ).
      DATA(is_approver) = is_current_user_approver( <request> ).

      APPEND VALUE #(
        %tky = <request>-%tky

        %update = COND #(
          WHEN is_owner = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-draft
          THEN if_abap_behv=>auth-allowed
          ELSE if_abap_behv=>auth-unauthorized )

        %delete = COND #(
          WHEN is_owner = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-draft
          THEN if_abap_behv=>auth-allowed
          ELSE if_abap_behv=>auth-unauthorized )

        %action-submit = COND #(
          WHEN is_owner = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-draft
          THEN if_abap_behv=>auth-allowed
          ELSE if_abap_behv=>auth-unauthorized )

        %action-approveL1 = COND #(
          WHEN is_approver = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-submitted
          THEN if_abap_behv=>auth-allowed
          ELSE if_abap_behv=>auth-unauthorized )

        %action-rejectL1 = COND #(
          WHEN is_approver = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-submitted
          THEN if_abap_behv=>auth-allowed
          ELSE if_abap_behv=>auth-unauthorized )

        %action-approveL2 = COND #(
          WHEN is_approver = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-approved1
          THEN if_abap_behv=>auth-allowed
          ELSE if_abap_behv=>auth-unauthorized )

        %action-rejectL2 = COND #(
          WHEN is_approver = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-approved1
          THEN if_abap_behv=>auth-allowed
          ELSE if_abap_behv=>auth-unauthorized )

        %action-withdraw = COND #(
          WHEN is_owner = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-submitted
          THEN if_abap_behv=>auth-allowed
          ELSE if_abap_behv=>auth-unauthorized )

        %action-resubmit = COND #(
          WHEN is_owner = abap_true AND <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-rejected
          THEN if_abap_behv=>auth-allowed
          ELSE if_abap_behv=>auth-unauthorized )

      ) TO result.
    ENDLOOP.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD get_global_authorizations.
    " Autorisation CREATE pour tous les utilisateurs
    result = VALUE #(
      %create = if_abap_behv=>auth-allowed
    ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  "═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
  " METHODES UTILITAIRES
  "═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

  METHOD get_current_user.
    result = cl_abap_context_info=>get_user_technical_name( ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD get_current_timestamp.
    GET TIME STAMP FIELD result.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD get_manager_for_employee.
    " Implementation simplifiee - en realite depuis les donnees RH
    " ou la structure organisationnelle
    result = 'MANAGER01'.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD is_current_user_approver.
    DATA(current_user) = get_current_user( ).
    result = xsdbool( request-CurrentApprover = current_user ).
  ENDMETHOD.

ENDCLASS.

Bonnes pratiques pour les scenarios de workflow

A FAIRE : Verifier explicitement les transitions de statut

" BIEN : Verification explicite du statut avant chaque transition
IF <request>-WorkflowStatus <> gc_status-submitted.
  APPEND VALUE #(
    %tky = <request>-%tky
    %msg = new_message_with_text(
      severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error
      text     = 'Statut invalide pour cette action"
    )
  ) TO reported-leaverequest.
  RETURN.
ENDIF.

A FAIRE : Garder le Feature Control et l’Authorization synchronises

" BIEN : Meme logique pour les deux
DATA(can_approve) = xsdbool(
  is_approver = abap_true AND
  <request>-WorkflowStatus = gc_status-submitted
).

" Feature Control
%action-approveL1 = COND #(
  WHEN can_approve = abap_true
  THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled
  ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled )

" Authorization
%action-approveL1 = COND #(
  WHEN can_approve = abap_true
  THEN if_abap_behv=>auth-allowed
  ELSE if_abap_behv=>auth-unauthorized )

A FAIRE : Documenter completement l’historique du workflow

" BIEN : Toutes les actions du workflow avec timestamp et utilisateur
MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_leaverequest IN LOCAL MODE
  ENTITY LeaveRequest
    UPDATE FIELDS ( WorkflowStatus ApprovedL1At ApprovedL1By )
    WITH VALUE #( (
      %tky           = <request>-%tky
      WorkflowStatus = gc_status-approved1
      ApprovedL1At   = get_current_timestamp( )
      ApprovedL1By   = get_current_user( )
    ) ).

A NE PAS FAIRE : Dupliquer la logique de statut

" MAUVAIS : Meme verification a plusieurs endroits
METHOD approveL1.
  IF <request>-WorkflowStatus = 'SU'. " Chaine codee en dur
    ...
  ENDIF.
ENDMETHOD.

METHOD get_instance_features.
  IF <request>-WorkflowStatus = 'SU'. " Encore codee en dur
    ...
  ENDIF.
ENDMETHOD.

" BIEN : Utiliser des constantes
CONSTANTS:
  BEGIN OF gc_status,
    submitted TYPE c LENGTH 2 VALUE 'SU',
  END OF gc_status.

Possibilites d’extension

Le workflow presente peut etre etendu :

Extension	Description
Notification par e-mail	Informer automatiquement les concernes lors des changements de statut
Escalade	Transmission automatique apres depassement de delai
Regles de suppleance	Permettre l’approbation par un suppleant
Approbation parallele	Plusieurs approbateurs simultanement
Workflows conditionnels	Differents niveaux d’approbation selon la duree du conge

Resume

Dans cet article, nous avons implemente un workflow d’approbation complet pour les demandes de conges :

Le Draft Handling permet la sauvegarde intermediaire des demandes avant soumission
Les Actions basees sur le statut controlent les transitions du workflow (Submit, Approve, Reject)
Le Feature Control affiche seulement les actions pertinentes pour le statut et l’utilisateur respectifs
L’Authorization garantit que seuls les utilisateurs autorises peuvent executer les actions
L’historique du workflow documente toutes les etapes d’approbation avec timestamps

Ce pattern est transposable a n’importe quel scenario d’approbation : validations de commandes, notes de frais, demandes de modification, etc.

Sujets connexes

Draft Handling dans RAP - Bases de la fonctionnalite Draft
RAP Authorization - Autorisations dans ABAP Cloud
RAP Actions et Functions - Implementer la logique metier
Feature Control & Side Effects - Controle dynamique de l’UI
RAP Determinations et Validations - Calculs et verifications automatiques