RAP Actions et Functions : Implementer la logique metier

Catégorie

RAP

Publié

13. Feb. 2026

Auteur

Actions et Functions sont les moyens dans RAP pour implementer votre propre logique metier au-dela des operations CRUD standard. Cet article explique les differences et montre quand utiliser quel concept.

Action vs. Function : La difference

Aspect	Action	Function
But	Modifie les donnees (effets de bord)	Lit/calcule les donnees (pas d’effets de bord)
Methode HTTP	POST	GET
Transactionnel	Oui, fait partie de la transaction	Non, lecture seule
Idempotent	Non	Oui
Exemples	Annuler, Approuver, Copier	Calculer le prix, Verifier la disponibilite

Quand Action, quand Function ?

Action : Quand l’operation modifie l’etat de l’entite ou du systeme
Function : Quand on calcule seulement une valeur ou on interroge une information, sans modifier de donnees

Bound vs. Unbound (Static)

Aspect	Bound (Instance)	Unbound (Static)
Contexte	Lie a une instance	Sans contexte d’instance
Appel	Sur la ligne selectionnee	Via un bouton dans la barre d’outils
Cles	Cles de l’instance disponibles	Pas de cles automatiques
Cas d’utilisation	”Annuler ce voyage"	"Approuver tous les voyages ouverts”

Instance-bound Action

Une Instance-bound Action est executee sur une instance concrete :

Behavior Definition

managed implementation in class zbp_i_travel unique;
strict ( 2 );

define behavior for ZI_Travel alias Travel
persistent table ztravel
lock master
authorization master ( instance )
{
  // Instance-bound Action sans parametre
  action cancel result [1] $self;

  // Instance-bound Action avec resultat
  action accept result [1] $self;

  // Instance-bound Action qui retourne plusieurs instances
  action copyTravel result [0..*] $self;
}

Implementation

CLASS lhc_travel DEFINITION INHERITING FROM cl_abap_behavior_handler.
  PRIVATE SECTION.
    METHODS cancel FOR MODIFY
      IMPORTING keys FOR ACTION Travel~cancel RESULT result.

    METHODS accept FOR MODIFY
      IMPORTING keys FOR ACTION Travel~accept RESULT result.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS lhc_travel IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD cancel.
    " Lire les donnees actuelles
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_travel IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Travel
        FIELDS ( TravelID Status )
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(travels).

    " Seuls les voyages ouverts peuvent etre annules
    LOOP AT travels ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<travel>)
      WHERE Status = 'O'.

      " Definir le statut sur Cancelled
      MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_travel IN LOCAL MODE
        ENTITY Travel
          UPDATE FIELDS ( Status )
          WITH VALUE #( (
            %tky   = <travel>-%tky
            Status = 'X'  " Cancelled
          ) ).
    ENDLOOP.

    " Retourner le resultat
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_travel IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Travel
        ALL FIELDS
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(travels_result).

    result = VALUE #( FOR travel IN travels_result (
      %tky   = travel-%tky
      %param = travel
    ) ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD accept.
    " Definir le statut sur Accepted
    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_travel IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Travel
        UPDATE FIELDS ( Status )
        WITH VALUE #( FOR key IN keys (
          %tky   = key-%tky
          Status = 'A'  " Accepted
        ) ).

    " Retourner les donnees mises a jour
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_travel IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Travel
        ALL FIELDS
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(travels).

    result = VALUE #( FOR travel IN travels (
      %tky   = travel-%tky
      %param = travel
    ) ).
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

Cardinalite du resultat

Cardinalite	Signification
`result [1] $self`	Exactement une instance en retour (la meme entite)
`result [0..1] $self`	Optionnellement une instance
`result [0..*] $self`	Nombre quelconque d’instances
`result [1] EntityName`	Une instance d’une autre entite
(pas de result)	Pas de retour

Static (Unbound) Action

Les Static Actions ne sont pas liees a une instance et sont typiquement utilisees pour les operations de masse :

Behavior Definition

define behavior for ZI_Travel alias Travel
{
  // Static Action sans parametre
  static action releaseAllOpen;

  // Static Action avec resultat
  static action createFromTemplate result [1] $self;

  // Static Action avec Global Feature Control
  static action ( features: global ) massUpdate;

  // Pour Global Feature Control
  static features;
}

Implementation

CLASS lhc_travel DEFINITION INHERITING FROM cl_abap_behavior_handler.
  PRIVATE SECTION.
    METHODS releaseAllOpen FOR MODIFY
      IMPORTING keys FOR ACTION Travel~releaseAllOpen.

    METHODS createFromTemplate FOR MODIFY
      IMPORTING keys FOR ACTION Travel~createFromTemplate RESULT result.

    METHODS get_global_features FOR GLOBAL FEATURES
      IMPORTING REQUEST requested_features FOR Travel RESULT result.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS lhc_travel IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD releaseAllOpen.
    " Trouver tous les voyages ouverts
    SELECT * FROM ztravel
      WHERE status = 'O"
      INTO TABLE @DATA(open_travels).

    " Definir le statut sur Released
    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_travel IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Travel
        UPDATE FIELDS ( Status )
        WITH VALUE #( FOR travel IN open_travels (
          TravelUUID = travel-travel_uuid
          Status     = 'R'  " Released
        ) ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD createFromTemplate.
    " Creer un nouveau voyage a partir du template
    DATA(template_id) = 'DEFAULT'.

    " Charger le template (exemple simplifie)
    SELECT SINGLE * FROM ztravel_template
      WHERE template_id = @template_id
      INTO @DATA(template).

    " Creer le nouveau voyage
    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_travel IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Travel
        CREATE FIELDS ( CustomerID BeginDate EndDate Description )
        WITH VALUE #( (
          %cid        = 'NEW_TRAVEL"
          CustomerID  = template-customer_id
          BeginDate   = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( )
          EndDate     = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) + 7
          Description = 'Cree a partir du template"
        ) )
      MAPPED DATA(mapped).

    " Retourner l'entite creee
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_travel IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Travel
        ALL FIELDS
        WITH VALUE #( ( %tky = mapped-travel[ 1 ]-%tky ) )
      RESULT DATA(created_travel).

    result = VALUE #( (
      %cid_ref = 'NEW_TRAVEL"
      %param   = created_travel[ 1 ]
    ) ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD get_global_features.
    " Verifier si l'utilisateur a l'autorisation pour la mise a jour de masse
    DATA(has_auth) = check_mass_update_auth( ).

    result = VALUE #(
      %action-massUpdate = COND #(
        WHEN has_auth = abap_true
        THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled
        ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled )
    ).
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

Function : Calculs sans effets de bord

Les Functions sont ideales pour les calculs et les requetes qui ne modifient pas de donnees :

Behavior Definition

define behavior for ZI_Travel alias Travel
{
  // Instance-bound Function
  function calculatePrice result [1] ZA_Price;

  // Function avec plusieurs valeurs de retour
  function getAvailability result [1] ZA_Availability;

  // Static Function
  static function getExchangeRates result [0..*] ZA_ExchangeRate;

  // Function avec parametres
  function simulateDiscount
    parameter ZA_DiscountInput
    result [1] ZA_DiscountResult;
}

Abstract Entity pour les valeurs de retour

Les Functions necessitent souvent des entites abstraites pour les valeurs de retour structurees :

define abstract entity ZA_Price
{
  TravelUUID : sysuuid_x16;
  NetPrice   : abap.dec( 15, 2 );
  TaxAmount  : abap.dec( 15, 2 );
  TotalPrice : abap.dec( 15, 2 );
  Currency   : abap.cuky;
}

define abstract entity ZA_Availability
{
  TravelUUID   : sysuuid_x16;
  IsAvailable  : abap_boolean;
  SeatsLeft    : abap.int4;
  NextAvailable: abap.dats;
}

Implementation

CLASS lhc_travel DEFINITION INHERITING FROM cl_abap_behavior_handler.
  PRIVATE SECTION.
    METHODS calculatePrice FOR READ
      IMPORTING keys FOR FUNCTION Travel~calculatePrice RESULT result.

    METHODS getAvailability FOR READ
      IMPORTING keys FOR FUNCTION Travel~getAvailability RESULT result.

    METHODS getExchangeRates FOR READ
      IMPORTING keys FOR FUNCTION Travel~getExchangeRates RESULT result.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS lhc_travel IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD calculatePrice.
    " Lire les donnees du voyage
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_travel IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Travel
        FIELDS ( TotalPrice Currency )
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(travels).

    LOOP AT travels ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<travel>).
      " Calculer le prix (simplifie)
      DATA(net_price) = <travel>-TotalPrice * '0.84'.
      DATA(tax_amount) = <travel>-TotalPrice * '0.16'.

      APPEND VALUE #(
        %tky = <travel>-%tky
        %param = VALUE za_price(
          TravelUUID = <travel>-TravelUUID
          NetPrice   = net_price
          TaxAmount  = tax_amount
          TotalPrice = <travel>-TotalPrice
          Currency   = <travel>-Currency
        )
      ) TO result.
    ENDLOOP.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD getAvailability.
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_travel IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Travel
        FIELDS ( BeginDate MaxSeats BookedSeats )
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(travels).

    LOOP AT travels ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<travel>).
      DATA(seats_left) = <travel>-MaxSeats - <travel>-BookedSeats.

      APPEND VALUE #(
        %tky = <travel>-%tky
        %param = VALUE za_availability(
          TravelUUID    = <travel>-TravelUUID
          IsAvailable   = COND #( WHEN seats_left > 0 THEN abap_true ELSE abap_false )
          SeatsLeft     = seats_left
          NextAvailable = COND #( WHEN seats_left = 0
                                  THEN <travel>-BeginDate + 30
                                  ELSE <travel>-BeginDate )
        )
      ) TO result.
    ENDLOOP.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD getExchangeRates.
    " Static Function - pas de keys disponibles
    " Lire les taux de change du systeme
    SELECT * FROM tcurr
      WHERE kurst = 'M"
        AND gdatu >= @( cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) )
      INTO TABLE @DATA(rates)
      UP TO 100 ROWS.

    result = VALUE #( FOR rate IN rates (
      %param = VALUE za_exchangerate(
        SourceCurrency = rate-fcurr
        TargetCurrency = rate-tcurr
        ExchangeRate   = rate-ukurs
        ValidFrom      = rate-gdatu
      )
    ) ).
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

Action avec parametres d’entree

Les Actions peuvent accepter des parametres d’entree structures :

Behavior Definition

define behavior for ZI_Travel alias Travel
{
  // Action avec parametre abstrait
  action rejectWithReason
    parameter ZA_RejectionReason
    result [1] $self;

  // Action avec plusieurs parametres
  action reschedule
    parameter ZA_RescheduleInput
    result [1] $self;

  // Action avec Deep Structure
  action addParticipants
    parameter ZA_ParticipantList
    result [1] $self;
}

Abstract Entity pour les parametres d’entree

define abstract entity ZA_RejectionReason
{
  ReasonCode : abap.char( 2 );
  ReasonText : abap.string( 255 );
  NotifyCustomer : abap_boolean;
}

define abstract entity ZA_RescheduleInput
{
  NewBeginDate : abap.dats;
  NewEndDate   : abap.dats;
  UpdatePrice  : abap_boolean;
}

Implementation

CLASS lhc_travel DEFINITION INHERITING FROM cl_abap_behavior_handler.
  PRIVATE SECTION.
    METHODS rejectWithReason FOR MODIFY
      IMPORTING keys FOR ACTION Travel~rejectWithReason RESULT result.

    METHODS reschedule FOR MODIFY
      IMPORTING keys FOR ACTION Travel~reschedule RESULT result.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS lhc_travel IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD rejectWithReason.
    " Lire le parametre depuis keys
    LOOP AT keys ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<key>).
      " Raison du rejet depuis le parametre
      DATA(reason_code) = <key>-%param-ReasonCode.
      DATA(reason_text) = <key>-%param-ReasonText.
      DATA(notify) = <key>-%param-NotifyCustomer.

      " Sauvegarder le statut et la justification
      MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_travel IN LOCAL MODE
        ENTITY Travel
          UPDATE FIELDS ( Status RejectionReason )
          WITH VALUE #( (
            %tky            = <key>-%tky
            Status          = 'X'  " Rejected
            RejectionReason = reason_text
          ) ).

      " Optionnel : Notifier le client
      IF notify = abap_true.
        " Envoyer un email...
        send_rejection_notification(
          travel_key = <key>-%tky
          reason     = reason_text
        ).
      ENDIF.
    ENDLOOP.

    " Retourner les donnees mises a jour
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_travel IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Travel
        ALL FIELDS
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(travels).

    result = VALUE #( FOR travel IN travels (
      %tky   = travel-%tky
      %param = travel
    ) ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD reschedule.
    LOOP AT keys ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<key>).
      " Nouvelles dates depuis le parametre
      DATA(new_begin) = <key>-%param-NewBeginDate.
      DATA(new_end) = <key>-%param-NewEndDate.
      DATA(update_price) = <key>-%param-UpdatePrice.

      " Mettre a jour les dates
      MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_travel IN LOCAL MODE
        ENTITY Travel
          UPDATE FIELDS ( BeginDate EndDate )
          WITH VALUE #( (
            %tky      = <key>-%tky
            BeginDate = new_begin
            EndDate   = new_end
          ) ).

      " Optionnel : Recalculer le prix
      IF update_price = abap_true.
        recalculate_price( <key>-%tky ).
      ENDIF.
    ENDLOOP.

    " Retourner le resultat
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_travel IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Travel
        ALL FIELDS
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(travels).

    result = VALUE #( FOR travel IN travels (
      %tky   = travel-%tky
      %param = travel
    ) ).
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

Actions dans la Projection

Les Actions doivent etre exposees dans la Projection :

projection implementation in class zbp_c_travel unique;
strict ( 2 );

define behavior for ZC_Travel alias Travel
{
  use action cancel;
  use action accept;
  use action rejectWithReason;
  use action reschedule;
  use function calculatePrice;
  use function getAvailability;
}

Integration UI avec Fiori Elements

Placement des boutons

define root view entity ZC_Travel
  provider contract transactional_query
  as projection on ZI_Travel
{
  @UI.lineItem: [
    { position: 10 },
    { type: #FOR_ACTION, dataAction: 'cancel', label: 'Annuler' },
    { type: #FOR_ACTION, dataAction: 'accept', label: 'Approuver' }
  ]
  @UI.identification: [
    { position: 10 },
    { type: #FOR_ACTION, dataAction: 'rejectWithReason', label: 'Rejeter' }
  ]
  key TravelUUID,

  // Header Actions
  @UI.fieldGroup: [{ qualifier: 'Actions',
    type: #FOR_ACTION, dataAction: 'reschedule', label: 'Replanifier' }]
  Status
}

Action avec dialogue

Pour les Actions avec des parametres d’entree, un dialogue est automatiquement genere :

define abstract entity ZA_RejectionReason
{
  @UI.defaultValue: 'OT"
  @Consumption.valueHelpDefinition: [{ entity: { name: 'ZI_ReasonCode', element: 'Code' }}]
  ReasonCode : abap.char( 2 );

  @UI.multiLineText: true
  ReasonText : abap.string( 255 );

  @UI.defaultValue: 'true"
  NotifyCustomer : abap_boolean;
}

Factory Actions

Les Factory Actions creent de nouvelles instances basees sur des instances existantes :

define behavior for ZI_Travel alias Travel
{
  // Factory Action cree une nouvelle instance
  factory action copyTravel [1];

  // Factory Action avec parametre
  factory action createFromBooking parameter ZA_BookingRef [1];
}

Implementation

METHOD copyTravel.
  " Lire les donnees originales
  READ ENTITIES OF zi_travel IN LOCAL MODE
    ENTITY Travel
      ALL FIELDS
      WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
    RESULT DATA(travels).

  LOOP AT travels ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<travel>).
    " Creer une copie avec un nouveau %cid
    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_travel IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Travel
        CREATE FIELDS ( CustomerID BeginDate EndDate Description TotalPrice Currency )
        WITH VALUE #( (
          %cid        = |COPY_{ sy-index }|
          CustomerID  = <travel>-CustomerID
          BeginDate   = <travel>-BeginDate
          EndDate     = <travel>-EndDate
          Description = |Copie de { <travel>-TravelID }|
          TotalPrice  = <travel>-TotalPrice
          Currency    = <travel>-Currency
        ) )
      MAPPED DATA(mapped).

    " mapped contient %cid et %tky de la nouvelle instance
    APPEND VALUE #(
      %cid_ref = keys[ sy-index ]-%cid_ref
      %key     = mapped-travel[ 1 ]-%key
    ) TO mapped-travel.
  ENDLOOP.
ENDMETHOD.

Bonnes pratiques

Choisir correctement Action vs. Function : Actions pour les modifications, Functions pour les calculs.
Definir le Result Type : Specifiez toujours result [n] $self pour que l’UI se mette a jour.
Utiliser IN LOCAL MODE : Contourner les verifications d’autorisation pour les appels internes.
Error Handling : Retourner les erreurs via FAILED et REPORTED :

METHOD cancel.
  " Validation
  IF travel-Status <> 'O'.
    APPEND VALUE #(
      %tky = travel-%tky
      %msg = new_message_with_text(
        severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error
        text     = 'Seuls les voyages ouverts peuvent etre annules"
      )
    ) TO reported-travel.

    APPEND VALUE #( %tky = travel-%tky ) TO failed-travel.
    RETURN.
  ENDIF.
ENDMETHOD.

Combiner Feature Control : Desactivez les Actions quand elles ne sont pas applicables.
Coherence transactionnelle : Toutes les modifications sont commitees seulement au SAVE.

Sujets connexes

RAP Basics - Fondamentaux du RESTful ABAP Programming Model
Feature Control & Side Effects - Pilotage dynamique de l’UI
Draft Handling dans RAP - Sauvegarde intermediaire avec Drafts