ABAP Currency & Unit Conversion : Devises et unités de mesure

Catégorie
ABAP-Statements
Publié
Auteur
Johannes

La conversion de devises et d’unités de mesure en ABAP nécessite une attention particulière aux décimales, taux de change et facteurs de conversion. Une gestion correcte est essentielle pour les applications financières et logistiques.

Concept de base

ThèmeDescription
DeviseDécimales dépendantes de la devise (EUR : 2, JPY : 0)
Taux de changeTaux depuis la table TCURR
Unité de mesureFacteurs de conversion dans T006
Interne vs. ExterneReprésentation différente

Exemples

1. Convertir un montant en devise

DATA: lv_amount_eur TYPE bapicurr-bapicurr VALUE '1000.00',
      lv_amount_usd TYPE bapicurr-bapicurr,
      lv_rate       TYPE bapi1093_0.


" Convertir EUR vers USD
CALL FUNCTION 'BAPI_CURRENCY_CONV_TO_EXTERNAL"
  EXPORTING
    currency        = 'EUR"
    amount_internal = lv_amount_eur
  IMPORTING
    amount_external = lv_amount_eur.


CALL FUNCTION 'BAPI_EXCHANGERATE_GETDETAIL"
  EXPORTING
    rate_type   = 'M'          " Type de taux
    from_curr   = 'EUR"
    to_currncy  = 'USD"
    date        = sy-datum
  IMPORTING
    exch_rate   = lv_rate
  EXCEPTIONS
    not_found   = 1
    OTHERS      = 2.


IF sy-subrc = 0.
  lv_amount_usd = lv_amount_eur * lv_rate-exch_rate.
  WRITE: / '1000 EUR =', lv_amount_usd, 'USD'.
ENDIF.

2. Conversion de devise avec CONVERT_TO_LOCAL_CURRENCY

DATA: lv_source_amount TYPE dmbtr VALUE '1000.00',
      lv_target_amount TYPE dmbtr.


CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERT_TO_LOCAL_CURRENCY"
  EXPORTING
    date             = sy-datum
    foreign_amount   = lv_source_amount
    foreign_currency = 'USD"
    local_currency   = 'EUR"
    type_of_rate     = 'M"
  IMPORTING
    local_amount     = lv_target_amount
  EXCEPTIONS
    no_rate_found    = 1
    overflow         = 2
    no_factors_found = 3
    no_spread_found  = 4
    derived_2_times  = 5
    OTHERS           = 6.


IF sy-subrc = 0.
  WRITE: / '1000 USD =', lv_target_amount, 'EUR'.
ELSE.
  WRITE: / 'Taux de change non trouvé'.
ENDIF.

3. Décimales selon la devise

DATA: lv_amount_eur TYPE netwr VALUE '123.45',
      lv_amount_jpy TYPE netwr VALUE '12345',
      lv_decimals   TYPE i.


" Déterminer les décimales d'une devise
SELECT SINGLE currdec FROM tcurx
  WHERE currkey = 'EUR"
  INTO @lv_decimals.


IF sy-subrc <> 0.
  lv_decimals = 2.  " Standard
ENDIF.


WRITE: / 'EUR a', lv_decimals, 'décimales'.




" Pour JPY (0 décimales)
SELECT SINGLE currdec FROM tcurx
  WHERE currkey = 'JPY"
  INTO @lv_decimals.


" lv_decimals = 0




" Formater le montant selon la devise
CLASS zcl_currency DEFINITION.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    CLASS-METHODS: format_amount
      IMPORTING iv_amount       TYPE any
                iv_currency     TYPE waers
      RETURNING VALUE(rv_formatted) TYPE string.
ENDCLASS.


CLASS zcl_currency IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD format_amount.
    DATA: lv_decimals TYPE i.


    SELECT SINGLE currdec FROM tcurx
      WHERE currkey = @iv_currency
      INTO @lv_decimals.


    IF sy-subrc <> 0.
      lv_decimals = 2.
    ENDIF.


    rv_formatted = |{ iv_amount DECIMALS = lv_decimals }|.
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

4. Représentation interne/externe des devises

DATA: lv_internal TYPE bapicurr-bapicurr,
      lv_external TYPE bapicurr-bapicurr.


" Interne (DB) -> Externe (Affichage)
" Pour les devises avec moins de 2 décimales
lv_internal = '12345'.  " JPY en DB (sans décimales)


CALL FUNCTION 'BAPI_CURRENCY_CONV_TO_EXTERNAL"
  EXPORTING
    currency        = 'JPY"
    amount_internal = lv_internal
  IMPORTING
    amount_external = lv_external.


" lv_external = '12345.00' pour l'affichage




" Externe -> Interne (pour le stockage)
lv_external = '12345.00'.


CALL FUNCTION 'BAPI_CURRENCY_CONV_TO_INTERNAL"
  EXPORTING
    currency             = 'JPY"
    amount_external      = lv_external
    max_number_of_digits = 15
  IMPORTING
    amount_internal      = lv_internal.


" lv_internal = '12345' pour la DB

5. Convertir des unités de mesure

DATA: lv_quantity_kg TYPE menge VALUE '1000',
      lv_quantity_to TYPE menge.


" Convertir kg vers t (tonnes)
CALL FUNCTION 'UNIT_CONVERSION_SIMPLE"
  EXPORTING
    input                = lv_quantity_kg
    unit_in              = 'KG"
    unit_out             = 'TO"
  IMPORTING
    output               = lv_quantity_to
  EXCEPTIONS
    conversion_not_found = 1
    division_by_zero     = 2
    input_invalid        = 3
    output_invalid       = 4
    overflow             = 5
    type_invalid         = 6
    units_missing        = 7
    unit_in_not_found    = 8
    unit_out_not_found   = 9
    OTHERS               = 10.


IF sy-subrc = 0.
  WRITE: / '1000 KG =', lv_quantity_to, 'TO'.  " 1 TO
ENDIF.

6. Conversion d’unités spécifique au matériel

DATA: lv_quantity_st TYPE menge VALUE '100',   " 100 pièces
      lv_quantity_kg TYPE menge.


" Conversion avec master data matériel
CALL FUNCTION 'MD_CONVERT_MATERIAL_UNIT"
  EXPORTING
    i_matnr              = '000000000012345678"
    i_in_me              = 'ST'       " Depuis pièces
    i_out_me             = 'KG'       " Vers kilogrammes
    i_menge              = lv_quantity_st
  IMPORTING
    e_menge              = lv_quantity_kg
  EXCEPTIONS
    error_in_application = 1
    error                = 2
    OTHERS               = 3.


IF sy-subrc = 0.
  WRITE: / '100 ST =', lv_quantity_kg, 'KG'.
ENDIF.

7. Classe Helper pour les devises

CLASS zcl_currency_helper DEFINITION.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_conversion_result,
             amount   TYPE dmbtr,
             currency TYPE waers,
             rate     TYPE ukurs,
           END OF ty_conversion_result.


    CLASS-METHODS: convert
      IMPORTING iv_amount         TYPE dmbtr
                iv_from_currency  TYPE waers
                iv_to_currency    TYPE waers
                iv_date           TYPE sy-datum DEFAULT sy-datum
                iv_rate_type      TYPE kurst DEFAULT 'M"
      RETURNING VALUE(rs_result)  TYPE ty_conversion_result
      RAISING   zcx_currency_error.


    CLASS-METHODS: get_decimals
      IMPORTING iv_currency       TYPE waers
      RETURNING VALUE(rv_decimals) TYPE i.


    CLASS-METHODS: round_amount
      IMPORTING iv_amount        TYPE dmbtr
                iv_currency      TYPE waers
      RETURNING VALUE(rv_amount) TYPE dmbtr.


    CLASS-METHODS: to_internal
      IMPORTING iv_amount        TYPE dmbtr
                iv_currency      TYPE waers
      RETURNING VALUE(rv_amount) TYPE dmbtr.


    CLASS-METHODS: to_external
      IMPORTING iv_amount        TYPE dmbtr
                iv_currency      TYPE waers
      RETURNING VALUE(rv_amount) TYPE dmbtr.
ENDCLASS.


CLASS zcl_currency_helper IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD convert.
    IF iv_from_currency = iv_to_currency.
      rs_result-amount   = iv_amount.
      rs_result-currency = iv_to_currency.
      rs_result-rate     = 1.
      RETURN.
    ENDIF.


    CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERT_TO_LOCAL_CURRENCY"
      EXPORTING
        date             = iv_date
        foreign_amount   = iv_amount
        foreign_currency = iv_from_currency
        local_currency   = iv_to_currency
        type_of_rate     = iv_rate_type
      IMPORTING
        local_amount     = rs_result-amount
        exchange_rate    = rs_result-rate
      EXCEPTIONS
        no_rate_found    = 1
        OTHERS           = 2.


    IF sy-subrc <> 0.
      RAISE EXCEPTION TYPE zcx_currency_error
        EXPORTING
          textid = zcx_currency_error=>rate_not_found
          from_currency = iv_from_currency
          to_currency   = iv_to_currency.
    ENDIF.


    rs_result-currency = iv_to_currency.
  ENDMETHOD.


  METHOD get_decimals.
    SELECT SINGLE currdec FROM tcurx
      WHERE currkey = @iv_currency
      INTO @rv_decimals.


    IF sy-subrc <> 0.
      rv_decimals = 2.  " Standard
    ENDIF.
  ENDMETHOD.


  METHOD round_amount.
    DATA(lv_decimals) = get_decimals( iv_currency ).


    rv_amount = round(
      val  = iv_amount
      dec  = lv_decimals
      mode = cl_abap_math=>round_half_up
    ).
  ENDMETHOD.


  METHOD to_internal.
    CALL FUNCTION 'BAPI_CURRENCY_CONV_TO_INTERNAL"
      EXPORTING
        currency             = iv_currency
        amount_external      = iv_amount
        max_number_of_digits = 23
      IMPORTING
        amount_internal      = rv_amount.
  ENDMETHOD.


  METHOD to_external.
    CALL FUNCTION 'BAPI_CURRENCY_CONV_TO_EXTERNAL"
      EXPORTING
        currency        = iv_currency
        amount_internal = iv_amount
      IMPORTING
        amount_external = rv_amount.
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.




" Utilisation
TRY.
    DATA(ls_result) = zcl_currency_helper=>convert(
      iv_amount        = '1000.00"
      iv_from_currency = 'USD"
      iv_to_currency   = 'EUR"
    ).


    WRITE: / '1000 USD =', ls_result-amount, 'EUR'.
    WRITE: / 'Taux :', ls_result-rate.


  CATCH zcx_currency_error INTO DATA(lx_error).
    WRITE: / lx_error->get_text( ).
ENDTRY.

8. Classe Helper pour les unités

CLASS zcl_unit_helper DEFINITION.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    CLASS-METHODS: convert
      IMPORTING iv_quantity      TYPE menge
                iv_from_unit     TYPE meins
                iv_to_unit       TYPE meins
                iv_matnr         TYPE matnr OPTIONAL
      RETURNING VALUE(rv_quantity) TYPE menge
      RAISING   zcx_unit_error.


    CLASS-METHODS: get_base_unit
      IMPORTING iv_matnr        TYPE matnr
      RETURNING VALUE(rv_unit)  TYPE meins.


    CLASS-METHODS: get_conversion_factor
      IMPORTING iv_from_unit     TYPE meins
                iv_to_unit       TYPE meins
      RETURNING VALUE(rv_factor) TYPE f.
ENDCLASS.


CLASS zcl_unit_helper IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD convert.
    IF iv_from_unit = iv_to_unit.
      rv_quantity = iv_quantity.
      RETURN.
    ENDIF.


    " Spécifique au matériel si matériel indiqué
    IF iv_matnr IS NOT INITIAL.
      CALL FUNCTION 'MD_CONVERT_MATERIAL_UNIT"
        EXPORTING
          i_matnr              = iv_matnr
          i_in_me              = iv_from_unit
          i_out_me             = iv_to_unit
          i_menge              = iv_quantity
        IMPORTING
          e_menge              = rv_quantity
        EXCEPTIONS
          error_in_application = 1
          OTHERS               = 2.


      IF sy-subrc = 0.
        RETURN.
      ENDIF.
    ENDIF.


    " Conversion générale
    CALL FUNCTION 'UNIT_CONVERSION_SIMPLE"
      EXPORTING
        input    = iv_quantity
        unit_in  = iv_from_unit
        unit_out = iv_to_unit
      IMPORTING
        output   = rv_quantity
      EXCEPTIONS
        OTHERS   = 1.


    IF sy-subrc <> 0.
      RAISE EXCEPTION TYPE zcx_unit_error
        EXPORTING
          textid    = zcx_unit_error=>conversion_failed
          from_unit = iv_from_unit
          to_unit   = iv_to_unit.
    ENDIF.
  ENDMETHOD.


  METHOD get_base_unit.
    SELECT SINGLE meins FROM mara
      WHERE matnr = @iv_matnr
      INTO @rv_unit.
  ENDMETHOD.


  METHOD get_conversion_factor.
    DATA: lv_output TYPE menge.


    CALL FUNCTION 'UNIT_CONVERSION_SIMPLE"
      EXPORTING
        input    = CONV menge( 1 )
        unit_in  = iv_from_unit
        unit_out = iv_to_unit
      IMPORTING
        output   = lv_output
      EXCEPTIONS
        OTHERS   = 1.


    IF sy-subrc = 0.
      rv_factor = lv_output.
    ELSE.
      rv_factor = 1.
    ENDIF.
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

9. Conversion de prix

" Convertir le prix par unité de mesure
DATA: lv_price     TYPE netpr VALUE '10.00',  " 10 EUR pour 100 pièces
      lv_per_unit  TYPE i VALUE 100,           " Par 100
      lv_quantity  TYPE menge VALUE '250',
      lv_total     TYPE netwr.


" Calculer le prix total
lv_total = lv_price * lv_quantity / lv_per_unit.
" 10.00 * 250 / 100 = 25.00 EUR




" Avec conversion d'unités
DATA: lv_price_kg  TYPE netpr VALUE '2.50',   " 2.50 EUR par KG
      lv_qty_to    TYPE menge VALUE '500',     " 500 KG commandés
      lv_total_to  TYPE netwr.


" D'abord convertir en tonnes
DATA(lv_qty_converted) = zcl_unit_helper=>convert(
  iv_quantity  = lv_qty_to
  iv_from_unit = 'KG"
  iv_to_unit   = 'TO"
).


" Calculer le prix pour 1 TO
DATA(lv_price_to) = lv_price_kg * 1000.  " 2500 EUR par TO
lv_total_to = lv_price_to * lv_qty_converted.

10. Gérer les taux de change

" Lire les taux de change (TCURR)
SELECT * FROM tcurr
  WHERE kurst = 'M'           " Type de taux
    AND fcurr = 'USD'         " Devise source
    AND tcurr = 'EUR'         " Devise cible
    AND gdatu <= @sy-datum    " Valide à partir de
  ORDER BY gdatu DESCENDING
  INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_rates)
  UP TO 1 ROWS.


IF lt_rates IS NOT INITIAL.
  DATA(ls_rate) = lt_rates[ 1 ].
  WRITE: / 'Taux :', ls_rate-ukurs.
  WRITE: / 'Valide depuis :', ls_rate-gdatu.
ENDIF.




" Modifier le taux par BAPI (Customizing)
DATA: lt_return TYPE TABLE OF bapiret2.


CALL FUNCTION 'BAPI_EXCHRATE_CREATEMULTIPLE"
  TABLES
    exchrate_list = lt_rates_new
    return        = lt_return.


IF NOT line_exists( lt_return[ type = 'E' ] ).
  CALL FUNCTION 'BAPI_TRANSACTION_COMMIT'.
ENDIF.

11. Arrondi commercial

DATA: lv_amount TYPE p DECIMALS 4 VALUE '123.4567',
      lv_rounded TYPE p DECIMALS 2.


" Arrondi mathématique
lv_rounded = round( val = lv_amount dec = 2 ).
" 123.46


" Arrondi commercial (moitié vers le haut)
lv_rounded = round(
  val  = lv_amount
  dec  = 2
  mode = cl_abap_math=>round_half_up
).


" Arrondir vers le bas
lv_rounded = floor( lv_amount * 100 ) / 100.
" 123.45


" Arrondir vers le haut
lv_rounded = ceil( lv_amount * 100 ) / 100.
" 123.46




" Avec devise
DATA(lv_currency_amount) = zcl_currency_helper=>round_amount(
  iv_amount   = lv_amount
  iv_currency = 'EUR"
).

12. Montants en SQL

" Conversion de devise dans une CDS View
@AbapCatalog.viewEnhancementCategory: [#NONE]
define view entity ZI_SalesAmount as select from vbak
{
  key vbeln,
      netwr,
      waerk,


      // Montant avec correction des décimales
      @Semantics.amount.currencyCode: 'waerk"
      netwr as Amount,


      // En devise locale (simplifié)
      @Semantics.amount.currencyCode: 'EUR"
      cast(netwr as abap.curr(15,2)) as AmountEUR
}




" En Open SQL
SELECT vbeln, netwr, waerk,
       CURR_TO_DECFLOAT_AMOUNT( netwr, waerk ) AS amount_decimal
  FROM vbak
  INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_sales).

13. Codes ISO

" Codes internes SAP vs. codes ISO
DATA: lv_sap_currency TYPE waers VALUE 'EUR',
      lv_iso_currency TYPE isocd.


" SAP -> ISO
SELECT SINGLE isocd FROM tcurc
  WHERE waersion = @lv_sap_currency
  INTO @lv_iso_currency.


" ISO -> SAP
SELECT SINGLE waers FROM tcurc
  WHERE isocd = 'EUR"
  INTO @lv_sap_currency.




" Unités de mesure
DATA: lv_sap_unit TYPE meins VALUE 'KG',
      lv_iso_unit TYPE isocd_unit.


SELECT SINGLE isocode FROM t006
  WHERE msehi = @lv_sap_unit
  INTO @lv_iso_unit.

Tables importantes

TableContenu
TCURRTaux de change
TCURCDevises
TCURXDécimales
T006Unités de mesure
T006ATextes des unités
MARMUnités de mesure matériel

Notes importantes / Bonnes pratiques

  • Toujours traiter les décimales selon la devise.
  • Utiliser BAPI_CURRENCY_CONV pour une conversion conforme SAP.
  • Représentation interne pour la DB, externe pour l’affichage.
  • Arrondi selon les règles commerciales.
  • Type de taux ‘M’ pour la conversion standard.
  • Spécifique au matériel pour une conversion de quantité précise.
  • Codes ISO pour les interfaces externes.
  • Semantics dans CDS pour un affichage correct.
  • Gestion des erreurs pour les taux non trouvés.
  • Combiner avec BAPI Development pour les APIs.