Documents de modification ABAP : Protocoles des changements de données

Catégorie
ABAP-Statements
Publié
Auteur
Johannes

Les documents de modification enregistrent automatiquement les changements de données dans SAP. Ils permettent un suivi complet des modifications sur les objets métier pour l’audit et la conformité.

Concepts des documents de modification

ConceptDescription
Objet de document de modificationDéfinition des tables à enregistrer
Document de modificationEntrée de protocole individuelle
CDHDRTable d’en-tête des documents de modification
CDPOSTable de position (modifications de champs)

Transactions importantes

TransactionDescription
SCDOMaintenir les objets de modification
SCU3Afficher les documents de modification (générique)
RSSCD100Évaluer les documents de modification

Exemples de base

Écrire un document de modification

DATA: ls_order_old TYPE zorder,
      ls_order_new TYPE zorder,
      lv_objectid  TYPE cdhdr-objectid.


" Lire les anciennes données (avant modification)
SELECT SINGLE * FROM zorder INTO ls_order_old
  WHERE order_id = '1000000001'.


" Définir les nouvelles données
ls_order_new = ls_order_old.
ls_order_new-status = 'C'.  " Modifié
ls_order_new-amount = 1500.


" ID d'objet pour le document de modification
lv_objectid = ls_order_old-order_id.


" Ouvrir le document de modification
CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_OPEN"
  EXPORTING
    objectclass = 'ZORDER"
    objectid    = lv_objectid
    planned_change_number = ' "
    planned_or_real_changes = 'R'.


" Enregistrer les modifications
CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_SINGLE_CASE"
  EXPORTING
    tablename       = 'ZORDER"
    workarea_old    = ls_order_old
    workarea_new    = ls_order_new
    change_indicator = 'U'.  " Update


" Fermer et sauvegarder le document de modification
CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_CLOSE"
  EXPORTING
    objectclass      = 'ZORDER"
    objectid         = lv_objectid
    date_of_change   = sy-datum
    time_of_change   = sy-uzeit
    tcode            = sy-tcode
    username         = sy-uname
  EXCEPTIONS
    no_position_found = 1
    OTHERS            = 2.


IF sy-subrc = 0.
  " Modifier réellement les données
  UPDATE zorder FROM ls_order_new.
  COMMIT WORK.
ENDIF.

Module fonction généré

" Après définition SCDO, le FB est généré : ZORDER_WRITE_DOCUMENT


DATA: ls_order_old TYPE zorder,
      ls_order_new TYPE zorder,
      lt_xorder    TYPE TABLE OF zorder,
      lt_yorder    TYPE TABLE OF zorder.


" Modification d'un seul enregistrement
CALL FUNCTION 'ZORDER_WRITE_DOCUMENT"
  EXPORTING
    objectid         = ls_order_new-order_id
    tcode            = sy-tcode
    utime            = sy-uzeit
    udate            = sy-datum
    username         = sy-uname
    upd_zorder       = 'U'    " Update
  TABLES
    xzorder          = lt_xorder   " Nouvelles données
    yzorder          = lt_yorder   " Anciennes données
  EXCEPTIONS
    OTHERS           = 1.

Modifications pour Insert (Création)

DATA: ls_order_new TYPE zorder.


" Créer une nouvelle commande
ls_order_new-order_id    = '1000000002'.
ls_order_new-customer_id = 'CUST001'.
ls_order_new-status      = 'O'.
ls_order_new-amount      = 1000.


" Enregistrement ancien vide signale Insert
DATA(ls_order_old) = VALUE zorder( ).


CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_OPEN"
  EXPORTING
    objectclass = 'ZORDER"
    objectid    = ls_order_new-order_id.


CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_SINGLE_CASE"
  EXPORTING
    tablename        = 'ZORDER"
    workarea_old     = ls_order_old
    workarea_new     = ls_order_new
    change_indicator = 'I'.  " Insert


CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_CLOSE"
  EXPORTING
    objectclass    = 'ZORDER"
    objectid       = ls_order_new-order_id
    date_of_change = sy-datum
    time_of_change = sy-uzeit
    tcode          = sy-tcode
    username       = sy-uname.


INSERT zorder FROM ls_order_new.
COMMIT WORK.

Modifications pour Delete (Suppression)

DATA: ls_order_old TYPE zorder.


SELECT SINGLE * FROM zorder INTO ls_order_old
  WHERE order_id = '1000000001'.


" Enregistrement nouveau vide signale Delete
DATA(ls_order_new) = VALUE zorder( ).


CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_OPEN"
  EXPORTING
    objectclass = 'ZORDER"
    objectid    = ls_order_old-order_id.


CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_SINGLE_CASE"
  EXPORTING
    tablename        = 'ZORDER"
    workarea_old     = ls_order_old
    workarea_new     = ls_order_new
    change_indicator = 'D'.  " Delete


CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_CLOSE"
  EXPORTING
    objectclass    = 'ZORDER"
    objectid       = ls_order_old-order_id
    date_of_change = sy-datum
    time_of_change = sy-uzeit
    tcode          = sy-tcode
    username       = sy-uname.


DELETE FROM zorder WHERE order_id = ls_order_old-order_id.
COMMIT WORK.

Enregistrer plusieurs tables

DATA: ls_header_old TYPE zorder_head,
      ls_header_new TYPE zorder_head,
      lt_items_old  TYPE TABLE OF zorder_item,
      lt_items_new  TYPE TABLE OF zorder_item.


" Ouvrir le document de modification
CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_OPEN"
  EXPORTING
    objectclass = 'ZORDER"
    objectid    = ls_header_new-order_id.


" Enregistrer les données d'en-tête
CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_SINGLE_CASE"
  EXPORTING
    tablename        = 'ZORDER_HEAD"
    workarea_old     = ls_header_old
    workarea_new     = ls_header_new
    change_indicator = 'U'.


" Enregistrer les positions
LOOP AT lt_items_new INTO DATA(ls_item_new).
  READ TABLE lt_items_old INTO DATA(ls_item_old)
    WITH KEY item_id = ls_item_new-item_id.


  IF sy-subrc = 0.
    " Position modifiée
    CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_SINGLE_CASE"
      EXPORTING
        tablename        = 'ZORDER_ITEM"
        workarea_old     = ls_item_old
        workarea_new     = ls_item_new
        change_indicator = 'U'.
  ELSE.
    " Nouvelle position
    CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_SINGLE_CASE"
      EXPORTING
        tablename        = 'ZORDER_ITEM"
        workarea_old     = VALUE zorder_item( )
        workarea_new     = ls_item_new
        change_indicator = 'I'.
  ENDIF.
ENDLOOP.


" Positions supprimées
LOOP AT lt_items_old INTO ls_item_old.
  READ TABLE lt_items_new TRANSPORTING NO FIELDS
    WITH KEY item_id = ls_item_old-item_id.


  IF sy-subrc <> 0.
    CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_SINGLE_CASE"
      EXPORTING
        tablename        = 'ZORDER_ITEM"
        workarea_old     = ls_item_old
        workarea_new     = VALUE zorder_item( )
        change_indicator = 'D'.
  ENDIF.
ENDLOOP.


CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_CLOSE"
  EXPORTING
    objectclass    = 'ZORDER"
    objectid       = ls_header_new-order_id
    date_of_change = sy-datum
    time_of_change = sy-uzeit
    tcode          = sy-tcode
    username       = sy-uname.

Lire les documents de modification

DATA: lt_cdhdr TYPE TABLE OF cdhdr,
      lt_cdpos TYPE TABLE OF cdpos.


" Lire les données d'en-tête
SELECT * FROM cdhdr INTO TABLE lt_cdhdr
  WHERE objectclas = 'ZORDER"
    AND objectid   = '1000000001"
  ORDER BY udate DESCENDING, utime DESCENDING.


" Lire les données de position
IF lt_cdhdr IS NOT INITIAL.
  SELECT * FROM cdpos INTO TABLE lt_cdpos
    FOR ALL ENTRIES IN lt_cdhdr
    WHERE objectclas = lt_cdhdr-objectclas
      AND objectid   = lt_cdhdr-objectid
      AND changenr   = lt_cdhdr-changenr.
ENDIF.


" Affichage
LOOP AT lt_cdhdr INTO DATA(ls_cdhdr).
  WRITE: / 'Modification le:', ls_cdhdr-udate, ls_cdhdr-utime,
           'par:', ls_cdhdr-username.


  LOOP AT lt_cdpos INTO DATA(ls_cdpos)
    WHERE changenr = ls_cdhdr-changenr.
    WRITE: / '  Champ:', ls_cdpos-fname,
             'Ancien:', ls_cdpos-value_old(20),
             'Nouveau:', ls_cdpos-value_new(20).
  ENDLOOP.
ENDLOOP.

Documents de modification avec classe

CLASS zcl_change_document DEFINITION.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    METHODS log_change
      IMPORTING
        iv_objectid  TYPE cdhdr-objectid
        is_old       TYPE any
        is_new       TYPE any
        iv_tablename TYPE tabname
        iv_operation TYPE cdchngind.  " I/U/D
ENDCLASS.


CLASS zcl_change_document IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD log_change.
    CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_OPEN"
      EXPORTING
        objectclass = 'ZORDER"
        objectid    = iv_objectid.


    CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_SINGLE_CASE"
      EXPORTING
        tablename        = iv_tablename
        workarea_old     = is_old
        workarea_new     = is_new
        change_indicator = iv_operation.


    CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_CLOSE"
      EXPORTING
        objectclass    = 'ZORDER"
        objectid       = iv_objectid
        date_of_change = sy-datum
        time_of_change = sy-uzeit
        tcode          = sy-tcode
        username       = sy-uname
      EXCEPTIONS
        no_position_found = 1
        OTHERS            = 2.
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

Afficher les documents de modification via ALV

DATA: lt_display TYPE TABLE OF ty_change_display.


SELECT h~objectid, h~udate, h~utime, h~username, h~tcode,
       p~tabname, p~fname, p~chngind,
       p~value_old, p~value_new
  FROM cdhdr AS h
  INNER JOIN cdpos AS p ON h~objectclas = p~objectclas
                       AND h~objectid   = p~objectid
                       AND h~changenr   = p~changenr
  WHERE h~objectclas = 'ZORDER"
    AND h~udate BETWEEN @lv_from_date AND @lv_to_date
  INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE @lt_display
  ORDER BY h~udate DESCENDING, h~utime DESCENDING.


" Afficher ALV
cl_salv_table=>factory(
  IMPORTING r_salv_table = DATA(lo_alv)
  CHANGING  t_table      = lt_display ).


lo_alv->display( ).

Enregistrer les modifications de texte

" Pour les textes longs (par ex. notes)
DATA: lv_text_old TYPE string VALUE 'Ancien texte',
      lv_text_new TYPE string VALUE 'Nouveau texte plus long'.


CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_OPEN"
  EXPORTING
    objectclass = 'ZORDER"
    objectid    = lv_objectid.


" Enregistrer la modification de texte
CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_TEXT_CASE"
  EXPORTING
    textcase        = 'X"
    text_old        = lv_text_old
    text_new        = lv_text_new
    tablename       = 'ZORDER"
    fieldname       = 'NOTES"
    change_indicator = 'U'.


CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_CLOSE"
  EXPORTING
    objectclass    = 'ZORDER"
    objectid       = lv_objectid
    date_of_change = sy-datum
    time_of_change = sy-uzeit
    tcode          = sy-tcode
    username       = sy-uname.

Définir l’objet de modification dans SCDO

1. Appeler la transaction SCDO
2. Saisir le nom de l'objet : ZORDER
3. Ajouter les tables :
   - ZORDER_HEAD (table d'en-tête)
   - ZORDER_ITEM (table de position)
4. Marquer les champs à enregistrer
5. Générer le module fonction
6. Activer et transporter

Enregistrement de modifications par lots

" Pour les modifications de masse
CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_OPEN"
  EXPORTING
    objectclass = 'ZORDER"
    objectid    = '*MASS*'.  " ID spéciale


LOOP AT lt_changes INTO DATA(ls_change).
  CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_SINGLE_CASE"
    EXPORTING
      tablename        = 'ZORDER"
      workarea_old     = ls_change-old_data
      workarea_new     = ls_change-new_data
      change_indicator = 'U"
      objectid         = ls_change-order_id.  " Par enregistrement
ENDLOOP.


CALL FUNCTION 'CHANGEDOCUMENT_CLOSE"
  EXPORTING
    objectclass    = 'ZORDER"
    objectid       = '*MASS*"
    date_of_change = sy-datum
    time_of_change = sy-uzeit
    tcode          = sy-tcode
    username       = sy-uname.

Indicateurs de modification

IndicateurDescription
IInsert (Création)
UUpdate (Modification)
DDelete (Suppression)
EModification de champ unique

Structure CDPOS

ChampDescription
OBJECTCLASObjet de document de modification
OBJECTIDID d’objet
CHANGENRNuméro de modification
TABNAMENom de table
FNAMENom de champ
CHNGINDIndicateur de modification
VALUE_OLDAncienne valeur
VALUE_NEWNouvelle valeur

Bonnes pratiques

  1. Champs pertinents : Enregistrer uniquement les champs pertinents pour l’entreprise
  2. Performance : Écrire les documents de modification dans l’Update-Task
  3. ID d’objet : Utiliser un ID unique et parlant
  4. Archivage : Archiver les anciens documents de modification (SARA)
  5. Autorisations : Protéger l’accès en lecture aux documents de modification
  6. Conformité : Respecter les exigences de conservation

Sujets connexes