ABAP Cloud dans S/4HANA Public Cloud : Developpement & Extensibilite

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                   Paysage gere par SAP                    │
├─────────────────┬─────────────────┬─────────────────────┤
│  Developpement  │    Test         │    Production       │
│  (DEV)          │    (TST/QAS)    │    (PRD)            │
├─────────────────┼─────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│  Developpement  │  Tests d'       │  Exploitation       │
│  & tests unit.  │  integration    │  productive         │
├─────────────────┼─────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│  Developpeurs   │  Objets         │  Objets             │
│  ABAP Cloud     │  transportes    │  transportes        │
│                 │  testes         │  actifs             │
└─────────────────┴─────────────────┴─────────────────────┘
         │                │                  │
         └───── Transport ─────► Transport ──┘
                (automatise via processus SAP)

" Structure Software Component
" /NAMESPACE/COMPONENT_NAME

" Exemple de structure:
" ZEXT_SALES
"   ├── ZEXT_SALES_CDS         " CDS Views
"   ├── ZEXT_SALES_BP          " Behavior Pools
"   ├── ZEXT_SALES_IF          " Interfaces
"   └── ZEXT_SALES_CL          " Classes

" Verifier si une API est released:
" Dans ADT: Clic droit → Properties → API State

" Les APIs Released ont:
" - Stability Contract: Released
" - Visibility: Public
" - Compatibilite Cloud: Oui

" ❌ Non autorise dans S/4HANA Public Cloud:

" Acces directs aux tables SAP
SELECT * FROM mara INTO TABLE @lt_mara.  " Interdit!

" Modules de fonction non liberes
CALL FUNCTION 'BAPI_MATERIAL_GET_DETAIL'.  " Interdit!

" Reports ALV classiques
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'.  " Interdit!

" Transactions SAP GUI
CALL TRANSACTION 'MM03'.  " Interdit!

" ✅ Utiliser les APIs Released a la place:

" CDS Views pour l'interrogation des donnees
SELECT * FROM I_Product
  WHERE Product = @lv_product
  INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_products).

" RAP pour la logique metier
DATA(lo_product) = cl_product_api=>create_instance( ).
lo_product->get_details( EXPORTING iv_product = lv_product
                         IMPORTING es_details = ls_details ).

" Services OData pour l'integration
" → Utiliser les Apps Fiori Elements

CLASS zcl_api_checker DEFINITION
  PUBLIC FINAL
  CREATE PUBLIC.

  PUBLIC SECTION.
    INTERFACES if_oo_adt_classrun.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_api_checker IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD if_oo_adt_classrun~main.
    " Utiliser XCO pour verifier le statut API
    DATA(lo_class) = xco_cp_abap_repository=>object->clas->for( 'CL_ABAP_RANDOM' ).

    IF lo_class->exists( ).
      DATA(lv_api_state) = lo_class->content(
        )->get_api_state(
        )->get_release_state( ).

      out->write( |API State: { lv_api_state }| ).
    ENDIF.

    " Verifier une CDS View
    DATA(lo_view) = xco_cp_cds=>view( 'I_PRODUCT' ).
    IF lo_view->exists( ).
      out->write( 'I_PRODUCT est disponible' ).
    ENDIF.
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│            Pyramide d'extensibilite              │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  ▲  Custom Applications (RAP Business Objects)  │
│  │  ─────────────────────────────────────────   │
│  │  Behavior Extensions (Extensions RAP)        │
│  │  ─────────────────────────────────────────   │
│  │  CDS View Extensions (Extensions de champs)  │
│  │  ─────────────────────────────────────────   │
│  │  BAdI Implementations (Logique metier)       │
│  │  ─────────────────────────────────────────   │
│  ▼  Key User Extensibility (No-Code)            │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
  Complexite ▲                    ▼ Simplicite

CLASS zcl_badi_salesorder DEFINITION
  PUBLIC FINAL
  CREATE PUBLIC.

  PUBLIC SECTION.
    " BAdI pour extension Sales Order
    INTERFACES if_sd_sales_order_create.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_badi_salesorder IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD if_sd_sales_order_create~validate.
    " Propre validation a la creation de commande
    LOOP AT it_sales_order_item ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<ls_item>).
      " Verifier quantite minimum pour certains clients
      IF <ls_item>-sold_to_party IN lr_vip_customers
        AND <ls_item>-order_quantity < 100.

        APPEND VALUE #(
          item_number = <ls_item>-item_number
          message = 'Clients VIP: Quantite minimum 100 pieces"
          severity = 'E"
        ) TO ct_messages.
      ENDIF.
    ENDLOOP.
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

" Behavior Extension pour I_SalesOrderTP
" (si libere par SAP pour extension)

extension using interface /sap/bc/i_salesordertp_ext
implementation in class zbp_ext_salesorder unique;

extend behavior for SalesOrder
{
  " Validation supplementaire
  validation validateCustomPriority on save
  { field CustomerPriority; }

  " Determination supplementaire
  determination setDefaultPriority on modify
  { field SoldToParty; }

  " Action supplementaire
  action ( features : instance ) escalatePriority result [1] $self;
}

CLASS zbp_ext_salesorder DEFINITION
  PUBLIC ABSTRACT FINAL
  FOR BEHAVIOR OF i_salesordertp_ext.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS zbp_ext_salesorder IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD validateCustomPriority.
    " Propre logique de validation
    READ ENTITIES OF i_salesordertp_ext IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY SalesOrder
      FIELDS ( CustomerPriority SoldToParty )
      WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(lt_orders).

    LOOP AT lt_orders ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<ls_order>).
      IF <ls_order>-CustomerPriority IS INITIAL.
        APPEND VALUE #(
          %tky = <ls_order>-%tky
          %msg = new_message_with_text(
            severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error
            text = 'La priorite client doit etre renseignee"
          )
        ) TO reported-salesorder.

        APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <ls_order>-%tky ) TO failed-salesorder.
      ENDIF.
    ENDLOOP.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD setDefaultPriority.
    " Definir la priorite par defaut selon le client
    READ ENTITIES OF i_salesordertp_ext IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY SalesOrder
      FIELDS ( SoldToParty CustomerPriority )
      WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(lt_orders).

    LOOP AT lt_orders ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<ls_order>)
      WHERE CustomerPriority IS INITIAL.

      " Verifier la categorie client
      SELECT SINGLE CustomerClassification
        FROM I_Customer
        WHERE Customer = @<ls_order>-SoldToParty
        INTO @DATA(lv_classification).

      DATA(lv_priority) = SWITCH #( lv_classification
        WHEN 'A' THEN 'HIGH"
        WHEN 'B' THEN 'MEDIUM"
        ELSE 'LOW"
      ).

      MODIFY ENTITIES OF i_salesordertp_ext IN LOCAL MODE
        ENTITY SalesOrder
        UPDATE FIELDS ( CustomerPriority )
        WITH VALUE #( (
          %tky = <ls_order>-%tky
          CustomerPriority = lv_priority
        ) ).
    ENDLOOP.
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

@EndUserText.label : 'Customer Inquiries"
@AbapCatalog.enhancement.category : #NOT_EXTENSIBLE
@AbapCatalog.tableCategory : #TRANSPARENT
@AbapCatalog.deliveryClass : #A
define table zinquiry {
  key client      : abap.clnt not null;
  key inquiry_id  : sysuuid_x16 not null;
  customer        : kunnr;
  inquiry_type    : abap.char(4);
  subject         : abap.char(100);
  description     : abap.string(0);
  priority        : abap.char(1);
  status          : abap.char(2);
  created_by      : abap.uname;
  created_at      : timestampl;
  changed_by      : abap.uname;
  changed_at      : timestampl;
}

@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #CHECK
@Metadata.allowExtensions: true
@EndUserText.label: 'Customer Inquiry"
define root view entity ZI_Inquiry
  as select from zinquiry
  association [0..1] to I_Customer as _Customer
    on $projection.Customer = _Customer.Customer
{
  key inquiry_id    as InquiryId,
      customer      as Customer,
      inquiry_type  as InquiryType,
      subject       as Subject,
      description   as Description,
      priority      as Priority,
      status        as Status,

      @Semantics.user.createdBy: true
      created_by    as CreatedBy,
      @Semantics.systemDateTime.createdAt: true
      created_at    as CreatedAt,
      @Semantics.user.lastChangedBy: true
      changed_by    as ChangedBy,
      @Semantics.systemDateTime.lastChangedAt: true
      changed_at    as ChangedAt,

      _Customer
}

managed implementation in class zbp_i_inquiry unique;
strict ( 2 );
with draft;

define behavior for ZI_Inquiry alias Inquiry
persistent table zinquiry
draft table zinquiry_d
lock master total etag ChangedAt
authorization master ( instance )
etag master ChangedAt
{
  create;
  update;
  delete;

  field ( readonly ) InquiryId, CreatedBy, CreatedAt, ChangedBy, ChangedAt;
  field ( mandatory ) Customer, InquiryType, Subject;

  determination setInquiryId on save { create; }
  determination setDefaultStatus on modify { create; }

  validation validateCustomer on save { field Customer; }
  validation validatePriority on save { field Priority; }

  action ( features : instance ) escalate result [1] $self;
  action ( features : instance ) close result [1] $self;

  draft action Edit;
  draft action Activate optimized;
  draft action Discard;
  draft action Resume;
  draft determine action Prepare;

  mapping for zinquiry corresponding
  {
    InquiryId = inquiry_id;
    Customer = customer;
    InquiryType = inquiry_type;
    Subject = subject;
    Description = description;
    Priority = priority;
    Status = status;
    CreatedBy = created_by;
    CreatedAt = created_at;
    ChangedBy = changed_by;
    ChangedAt = changed_at;
  }
}

CLASS zbp_i_inquiry DEFINITION
  PUBLIC ABSTRACT FINAL
  FOR BEHAVIOR OF zi_inquiry.

  PRIVATE SECTION.
    CONSTANTS:
      BEGIN OF gc_status,
        open       TYPE c LENGTH 2 VALUE '01',
        in_process TYPE c LENGTH 2 VALUE '02',
        escalated  TYPE c LENGTH 2 VALUE '03',
        closed     TYPE c LENGTH 2 VALUE '04',
      END OF gc_status.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS zbp_i_inquiry IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD setInquiryId.
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_inquiry IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Inquiry
      FIELDS ( InquiryId )
      WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(lt_inquiries).

    DATA lt_inquiries_update TYPE TABLE FOR UPDATE zi_inquiry.

    LOOP AT lt_inquiries ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<ls_inquiry>)
      WHERE InquiryId IS INITIAL.

      TRY.
        DATA(lv_uuid) = cl_system_uuid=>create_uuid_x16_static( ).
      CATCH cx_uuid_error.
        CONTINUE.
      ENDTRY.

      APPEND VALUE #(
        %tky = <ls_inquiry>-%tky
        InquiryId = lv_uuid
        %control-InquiryId = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
      ) TO lt_inquiries_update.
    ENDLOOP.

    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_inquiry IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Inquiry
      UPDATE FIELDS ( InquiryId )
      WITH lt_inquiries_update.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD setDefaultStatus.
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_inquiry IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Inquiry
      FIELDS ( Status )
      WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(lt_inquiries).

    DATA lt_inquiries_update TYPE TABLE FOR UPDATE zi_inquiry.

    LOOP AT lt_inquiries ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<ls_inquiry>)
      WHERE Status IS INITIAL.

      APPEND VALUE #(
        %tky = <ls_inquiry>-%tky
        Status = gc_status-open
        %control-Status = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
      ) TO lt_inquiries_update.
    ENDLOOP.

    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_inquiry IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Inquiry
      UPDATE FIELDS ( Status )
      WITH lt_inquiries_update.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD validateCustomer.
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_inquiry IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Inquiry
      FIELDS ( Customer )
      WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(lt_inquiries).

    " Collecter tous les clients pour verification en masse
    DATA lt_customers TYPE SORTED TABLE OF kunnr WITH UNIQUE KEY table_line.
    LOOP AT lt_inquiries ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<ls_inquiry>).
      INSERT <ls_inquiry>-Customer INTO TABLE lt_customers.
    ENDLOOP.

    " Verifier l'existence via CDS View Released
    SELECT Customer
      FROM I_Customer
      WHERE Customer IN @lt_customers
      INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_valid_customers).

    " Valider
    LOOP AT lt_inquiries ASSIGNING <ls_inquiry>.
      IF NOT line_exists( lt_valid_customers[ Customer = <ls_inquiry>-Customer ] ).
        APPEND VALUE #(
          %tky = <ls_inquiry>-%tky
          %msg = new_message_with_text(
            severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error
            text = |Client { <ls_inquiry>-Customer } n'existe pas|
          )
        ) TO reported-inquiry.

        APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <ls_inquiry>-%tky ) TO failed-inquiry.
      ENDIF.
    ENDLOOP.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD validatePriority.
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_inquiry IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Inquiry
      FIELDS ( Priority )
      WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(lt_inquiries).

    LOOP AT lt_inquiries ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<ls_inquiry>).
      IF <ls_inquiry>-Priority NOT IN VALUE #( ( 'H' ) ( 'M' ) ( 'L' ) ).
        APPEND VALUE #(
          %tky = <ls_inquiry>-%tky
          %msg = new_message_with_text(
            severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error
            text = 'La priorite doit etre H (Haute), M (Moyenne) ou L (Basse)"
          )
        ) TO reported-inquiry.

        APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <ls_inquiry>-%tky ) TO failed-inquiry.
      ENDIF.
    ENDLOOP.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD escalate.
    " Mettre le statut a Escalade
    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_inquiry IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Inquiry
      UPDATE FIELDS ( Status Priority )
      WITH VALUE #( FOR key IN keys (
        %tky = key-%tky
        Status = gc_status-escalated
        Priority = 'H'  " Automatiquement haute priorite
        %control-Status = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
        %control-Priority = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
      ) ).

    " Retourner le resultat
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_inquiry IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Inquiry
      ALL FIELDS
      WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(lt_inquiries).

    result = VALUE #( FOR inquiry IN lt_inquiries (
      %tky = inquiry-%tky
      %param = inquiry
    ) ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD close.
    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_inquiry IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Inquiry
      UPDATE FIELDS ( Status )
      WITH VALUE #( FOR key IN keys (
        %tky = key-%tky
        Status = gc_status-closed
        %control-Status = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
      ) ).

    READ ENTITIES OF zi_inquiry IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Inquiry
      ALL FIELDS
      WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(lt_inquiries).

    result = VALUE #( FOR inquiry IN lt_inquiries (
      %tky = inquiry-%tky
      %param = inquiry
    ) ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD get_instance_features.
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_inquiry IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Inquiry
      FIELDS ( Status )
      WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(lt_inquiries).

    result = VALUE #( FOR inquiry IN lt_inquiries (
      %tky = inquiry-%tky
      " Escalate uniquement possible si pas deja escalade ou ferme
      %action-escalate = COND #(
        WHEN inquiry-Status = gc_status-escalated OR inquiry-Status = gc_status-closed
        THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled
        ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled
      )
      " Close uniquement possible si pas deja ferme
      %action-close = COND #(
        WHEN inquiry-Status = gc_status-closed
        THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled
        ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled
      )
    ) ).
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_inquiry_customer_integration DEFINITION
  PUBLIC FINAL
  CREATE PUBLIC.

  PUBLIC SECTION.
    INTERFACES if_oo_adt_classrun.

    TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_customer_inquiries,
             customer_id    TYPE kunnr,
             customer_name  TYPE bu_name1st,
             open_inquiries TYPE i,
             avg_resolution TYPE i,
           END OF ty_customer_inquiries.

    METHODS get_customer_inquiry_stats
      RETURNING VALUE(rt_stats) TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ty_customer_inquiries.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_inquiry_customer_integration IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD if_oo_adt_classrun~main.
    DATA(lt_stats) = get_customer_inquiry_stats( ).

    out->write( 'Statistiques demandes clients:' ).
    out->write( '─────────────────────────────────────────────' ).

    LOOP AT lt_stats ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<ls_stat>).
      out->write( |Client: { <ls_stat>-customer_name }| ).
      out->write( |  Demandes ouvertes: { <ls_stat>-open_inquiries }| ).
      out->write( |  Temps moyen traitement: { <ls_stat>-avg_resolution } jours| ).
      out->write( '' ).
    ENDLOOP.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD get_customer_inquiry_stats.
    " Combiner sa propre table avec la fiche client S/4HANA
    SELECT
      i~customer AS customer_id,
      c~CustomerName AS customer_name,
      COUNT( CASE WHEN i~status <> '04' THEN 1 END ) AS open_inquiries,
      AVG( DATS_DAYS_BETWEEN(
        i~created_at,
        CASE WHEN i~status = '04' THEN i~changed_at ELSE @sy-datum END
      ) ) AS avg_resolution
    FROM zinquiry AS i
    INNER JOIN I_Customer AS c ON i~customer = c~Customer
    GROUP BY i~customer, c~CustomerName
    INTO TABLE @rt_stats.
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

" Service Definition
@EndUserText.label: 'Inquiry Service"
define service ZUI_INQUIRY_O4 {
  expose ZC_Inquiry as Inquiry;
}

" Consumption View avec annotations UI
@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #CHECK
@Metadata.allowExtensions: true
@UI.headerInfo: {
  typeName: 'Demande client',
  typeNamePlural: 'Demandes clients',
  title: { value: 'Subject' },
  description: { value: 'Customer' }
}
define view entity ZC_Inquiry
  as projection on ZI_Inquiry
{
  @UI.facet: [{
    id: 'GeneralInfo',
    type: #IDENTIFICATION_REFERENCE,
    label: 'Informations generales',
    position: 10
  }]

  @UI.lineItem: [{ position: 10 }]
  @UI.identification: [{ position: 10 }]
  key InquiryId,

  @UI.lineItem: [{ position: 20 }]
  @UI.identification: [{ position: 20 }]
  @UI.selectionField: [{ position: 10 }]
  @Consumption.valueHelpDefinition: [{ entity: { name: 'I_Customer', element: 'Customer' } }]
  Customer,

  @UI.lineItem: [{ position: 30 }]
  @UI.identification: [{ position: 30 }]
  @UI.selectionField: [{ position: 20 }]
  InquiryType,

  @UI.lineItem: [{ position: 40 }]
  @UI.identification: [{ position: 40 }]
  Subject,

  @UI.identification: [{ position: 50 }]
  Description,

  @UI.lineItem: [{ position: 50, criticality: 'PriorityCriticality' }]
  @UI.identification: [{ position: 60 }]
  @UI.selectionField: [{ position: 30 }]
  Priority,

  @UI.lineItem: [{ position: 60, criticality: 'StatusCriticality' }]
  @UI.identification: [{ position: 70 }]
  @UI.selectionField: [{ position: 40 }]
  Status,

  @UI.lineItem: [{ position: 70 }]
  CreatedAt,

  CreatedBy,
  ChangedAt,
  ChangedBy,

  " Criticality pour coloration semantique
  case Priority
    when 'H' then 1  " Rouge
    when 'M' then 2  " Jaune
    else 3           " Vert
  end as PriorityCriticality,

  case Status
    when '03' then 1  " Escalade = Rouge
    when '01' then 2  " Ouvert = Jaune
    when '02' then 2  " En cours = Jaune
    else 3            " Ferme = Vert
  end as StatusCriticality,

  _Customer
}

✅ Utiliser uniquement les APIs Released
✅ Utiliser les Software Components pour la modularite
✅ Ecrire des tests unitaires (ABAP Unit)
✅ Suivre les directives Clean ABAP
✅ Maintenir la documentation dans ABAP Doc
✅ Utiliser le Feature Control pour les Actions
✅ Implementer les Authorization Checks

❌ Acces directs aux tables SAP
❌ Utiliser des APIs non liberees
❌ IDs systeme ou mandants codes en dur
❌ Appels HTTP synchrones dans les transactions
❌ Processus longs sans Background Processing
❌ Logique complexe sans modularisation