Fiori Launchpad Custom Tiles: Eigene Kacheln mit Live-Daten erstellen

Semantic Object: Travel
Action: manage
Tile:
  - Title: Reisen verwalten
  - Subtitle: Travel Management
  - Icon: sap-icon://flight
  - Info: Transaktional

{
  "sap.app": {
    "id": "ztravel.manage",
    "crossNavigation": {
      "inbounds": {
        "Travel-manage": {
          "semanticObject": "Travel",
          "action": "manage",
          "title": "{{appTitle}}",
          "subTitle": "{{appSubTitle}}",
          "icon": "sap-icon://flight",
          "signature": {
            "parameters": {},
            "additionalParameters": "allowed"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│  Fiori Launchpad                                                     │
│                                                                      │
│  ┌──────────────────┐  ┌──────────────────┐  ┌──────────────────┐   │
│  │ Dynamic Tile     │  │ Dynamic Tile     │  │ Static Tile      │   │
│  │                  │  │                  │  │                  │   │
│  │      42          │  │     € 125k       │  │  ┌────────┐      │   │
│  │   Offene Tasks   │  │    Umsatz Q1     │  │  │  Icon  │      │   │
│  │      ↑ +5        │  │      ↓ -3%       │  │  └────────┘      │   │
│  └────────┬─────────┘  └────────┬─────────┘  └──────────────────┘   │
│           │                     │                                    │
│           ▼                     ▼                                    │
│     OData Request         OData Request                              │
│           │                     │                                    │
└───────────┼─────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────┘
            │                     │
            ▼                     ▼
      ┌─────────────┐       ┌─────────────┐
      │ CDS View    │       │ CDS View    │
      │ ZI_TaskKPI  │       │ ZI_SalesKPI │
      └─────────────┘       └─────────────┘

@EndUserText.label: 'Open Tasks KPI for Tile'
@ObjectModel.representativeKey: 'TileId'
@ObjectModel.semanticKey: ['TileId']
define view entity ZI_OpenTasksKPI
  as select from ztasks
{
      -- Dummy-Schluessel (nur ein Datensatz)
  key 1 as TileId,

      -- Anzahl offene Tasks
      @EndUserText.label: 'Offene Tasks'
      cast( count(*) as abap.int4 ) as Number,

      -- Einheit (optional)
      @EndUserText.label: 'Einheit'
      cast( 'Tasks' as abap.char(10) ) as NumberUnit,

      -- Status-Info
      @EndUserText.label: 'Info'
      cast( 'Aktuell' as abap.char(20) ) as Info,

      -- Trend: Vergleich zu gestern
      @EndUserText.label: 'Trend'
      case
        when count(*) > (
          select count(*) from ztasks as t2
          where t2.created_at < @( cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) )
            and t2.status = 'O'
        )
        then cast( 'Up' as abap.char(10) )
        else cast( 'Down' as abap.char(10) )
      end as NumberTrend,

      -- Trend-Pfeil (1=up, 0=none, -1=down)
      @EndUserText.label: 'State Arrow'
      case
        when count(*) > (
          select count(*) from ztasks as t2
          where t2.created_at < @( cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) )
            and t2.status = 'O'
        )
        then 1
        else -1
      end as StateArrow

}
where
  status = 'O'  -- Nur offene Tasks
group by
  status

@EndUserText.label: 'Sales KPI for Dynamic Tile'
@ObjectModel.query.implementedBy: 'ABAP:ZCL_SALES_KPI_QUERY'
define custom entity ZC_SalesKPI
{
  key TileId       : abap.int4;
      Number       : abap.dec(15,2);
      NumberUnit   : abap.char(10);
      NumberFactor : abap.char(10);
      NumberDigits : abap.int4;
      NumberState  : abap.char(20);
      StateArrow   : abap.int1;
      Info         : abap.char(30);
      InfoState    : abap.char(20);
      TargetNumber : abap.dec(15,2);
      Subtitle     : abap.char(50);
}

CLASS zcl_sales_kpi_query DEFINITION
  PUBLIC FINAL
  CREATE PUBLIC.

  PUBLIC SECTION.
    INTERFACES if_rap_query_provider.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_sales_kpi_query IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD if_rap_query_provider~select.

    " Umsatz berechnen
    SELECT SUM( amount ) AS total_sales
      FROM zsales
      WHERE fiscal_year = @( substring( cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ), 1, 4 ) )
      INTO @DATA(lv_current_sales).

    " Vorjahresumsatz
    SELECT SUM( amount ) AS total_sales
      FROM zsales
      WHERE fiscal_year = @( substring( cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ), 1, 4 ) - 1 )
      INTO @DATA(lv_last_year_sales).

    " Trend berechnen
    DATA(lv_trend) = COND i(
      WHEN lv_current_sales > lv_last_year_sales THEN 1
      WHEN lv_current_sales < lv_last_year_sales THEN -1
      ELSE 0 ).

    " Prozentuale Aenderung
    DATA(lv_change_pct) = COND decfloat34(
      WHEN lv_last_year_sales > 0
      THEN ( lv_current_sales - lv_last_year_sales ) / lv_last_year_sales * 100
      ELSE 0 ).

    " Status ermitteln
    DATA(lv_state) = COND string(
      WHEN lv_change_pct >= 5 THEN 'Good'
      WHEN lv_change_pct >= 0 THEN 'Neutral'
      ELSE 'Critical' ).

    " Ergebnis aufbereiten
    DATA(lt_result) = VALUE ztt_sales_kpi(
      ( TileId       = 1
        Number       = lv_current_sales / 1000  " In Tausend
        NumberUnit   = 'EUR'
        NumberFactor = 'k'
        NumberDigits = 1
        NumberState  = lv_state
        StateArrow   = lv_trend
        Info         = |{ lv_change_pct DECIMALS = 1 }% vs. Vorjahr|
        InfoState    = lv_state
        TargetNumber = lv_last_year_sales * '1.05'
        Subtitle     = |Stand: { cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) DATE = USER }| )
    ).

    io_response->set_data( lt_result ).
    io_response->set_total_number_of_records( 1 ).

  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

@EndUserText.label: 'KPI Tiles Service'
define service ZSB_KPI_TILES {
  expose ZI_OpenTasksKPI;
  expose ZC_SalesKPI;
}

Semantic Object: Task
Action: manage
Tile Configuration:
  - Tile Type: Dynamic
  - Title: Offene Tasks
  - Subtitle: Task Management
  - Icon: sap-icon://task
  - Service URL: /sap/opu/odata4/sap/zsb_kpi_tiles/srvd/sap/zsb_kpi_tiles/0001/
  - Entity Set: ZI_OpenTasksKPI
  - Number: Number
  - Number Unit: NumberUnit
  - Number State: NumberState
  - State Arrow: StateArrow
  - Info: Info

@EndUserText.label: 'Company News for Tile'
@ObjectModel.semanticKey: ['NewsId']
define view entity ZI_CompanyNews
  as select from znews
{
  key news_id       as NewsId,

      @EndUserText.label: 'Titel'
      title         as Title,

      @EndUserText.label: 'Beschreibung'
      description   as Description,

      @EndUserText.label: 'Bild-URL'
      image_url     as ImageUrl,

      @EndUserText.label: 'Link'
      link_url      as LinkUrl,

      @EndUserText.label: 'Datum'
      published_at  as PublishedAt
}
where
  published_at <= $session.system_date
order by
  published_at descending

{
  "tileType": "sap.ushell.ui.tile.DynamicTile",
  "tileConfiguration": {
    "semantic_object": "News",
    "semantic_action": "display",
    "service_url": "/sap/opu/odata4/sap/zsb_news/srvd/sap/zsb_news/0001/",
    "service_refresh_interval": 300,
    "collection": "ZI_CompanyNews",
    "title": "{Title}",
    "subtitle": "{Description}",
    "imageUrl": "{ImageUrl}",
    "targetURL": "{LinkUrl}"
  }
}

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│  Target Mapping                                                      │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                                      │
│  Semantic Object: "SalesOrder"                                       │
│  Action: "manage"                                                    │
│                                                                      │
│  ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐    │
│  │  Tile (Was der User sieht)                                   │    │
│  │  - Title: "Auftraege verwalten"                              │    │
│  │  - Icon: sap-icon://sales-order                              │    │
│  │  - Dynamic Data: OData Service                               │    │
│  └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘    │
│                            │                                         │
│                            ▼                                         │
│  ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐    │
│  │  Target (Wohin navigiert wird)                               │    │
│  │  - Application Type: SAPUI5 Fiori App                        │    │
│  │  - URL: /sap/bc/ui5_ui5/sap/zsalesorder_app                  │    │
│  │  - Parameters: SalesOrg=1000                                 │    │
│  └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘    │
│                                                                      │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

{
  "apps": [
    {
      "id": "ztravel_manage",
      "vizId": "Travel-manage",
      "vizType": "sap.ushell.StaticAppLauncher",
      "title": "Reisen verwalten",
      "subTitle": "Travel Management",
      "icon": "sap-icon://flight",
      "info": "Travel",
      "target": {
        "type": "URL",
        "url": "/sap/bc/ui5_ui5/sap/ztravel_manage/index.html"
      }
    }
  ],
  "catalogs": [
    {
      "id": "ZTRAVEL_CATALOG",
      "title": "Travel Management",
      "apps": ["ztravel_manage", "ztravel_approve"]
    }
  ],
  "groups": [
    {
      "id": "ZTRAVEL_GROUP",
      "title": "Reisemanagement",
      "apps": ["ztravel_manage"]
    }
  ]
}

@EndUserText.label: 'Purchase Orders'
@AbapCatalog.enhancement.category: #NOT_EXTENSIBLE
define table zpurchase_orders {
  key client   : abap.clnt;
  key po_id    : abap.numc(10);
  vendor_id    : abap.numc(10);
  amount       : abap.curr(15,2);
  currency     : abap.cuky;
  status       : abap.char(1);  -- O=Open, A=Approved, R=Rejected
  created_at   : timestampl;
  created_by   : abap.uname;
}

@EndUserText.label: 'Open PO KPI for Dynamic Tile'
@ObjectModel.query.implementedBy: 'ABAP:ZCL_OPEN_PO_KPI'
define custom entity ZC_OpenPurchaseOrdersKPI
{
  key TileId       : abap.int4;
      Number       : abap.int4;
      NumberUnit   : abap.char(10);
      NumberState  : abap.char(20);
      StateArrow   : abap.int1;
      Info         : abap.char(50);
      InfoState    : abap.char(20);
      Subtitle     : abap.char(50);
}

CLASS zcl_open_po_kpi DEFINITION
  PUBLIC FINAL
  CREATE PUBLIC.

  PUBLIC SECTION.
    INTERFACES if_rap_query_provider.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_open_po_kpi IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD if_rap_query_provider~select.

    DATA: lv_today     TYPE d,
          lv_yesterday TYPE d.

    lv_today = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ).
    lv_yesterday = lv_today - 1.

    " Offene POs heute
    SELECT COUNT(*) FROM zpurchase_orders
      WHERE status = 'O'
      INTO @DATA(lv_open_today).

    " Offene POs gestern (Snapshot)
    SELECT COUNT(*) FROM zpurchase_orders
      WHERE status = 'O'
        AND created_at < @( CONV timestampl( lv_today ) )
      INTO @DATA(lv_open_yesterday).

    " Differenz
    DATA(lv_diff) = lv_open_today - lv_open_yesterday.

    " Trend bestimmen
    DATA(lv_arrow) = COND i(
      WHEN lv_diff > 0 THEN 1    " Mehr offene POs = schlecht
      WHEN lv_diff < 0 THEN -1   " Weniger = gut
      ELSE 0 ).

    " Status (umgekehrte Logik: weniger offen = gut)
    DATA(lv_state) = COND string(
      WHEN lv_diff <= 0 THEN 'Good'
      WHEN lv_diff <= 5 THEN 'Neutral'
      ELSE 'Critical' ).

    " Info-Text
    DATA(lv_info) = COND string(
      WHEN lv_diff > 0 THEN |+{ lv_diff } seit gestern|
      WHEN lv_diff < 0 THEN |{ lv_diff } seit gestern|
      ELSE |Unveraendert| ).

    " Ergebnis
    DATA(lt_result) = VALUE ztt_open_po_kpi(
      ( TileId      = 1
        Number      = lv_open_today
        NumberUnit  = 'POs'
        NumberState = lv_state
        StateArrow  = lv_arrow
        Info        = lv_info
        InfoState   = lv_state
        Subtitle    = |Offene Bestellungen| )
    ).

    io_response->set_data( lt_result ).
    io_response->set_total_number_of_records( 1 ).

  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

@EndUserText.label: 'Purchase Order KPI Service'
define service ZSB_PO_KPI {
  expose ZC_OpenPurchaseOrdersKPI;
}

METHOD if_rap_query_provider~select.
  " Caching fuer aufwaendige Berechnungen
  DATA: lv_cache_key TYPE string,
        ls_cached    TYPE zs_kpi_cache.

  lv_cache_key = |PO_KPI_{ sy-datum }|.

  " Cache pruefen (z.B. Shared Memory oder Application Buffer)
  IF cache_is_valid( lv_cache_key ).
    ls_cached = get_from_cache( lv_cache_key ).
  ELSE.
    " Berechnung durchfuehren
    ls_cached = calculate_kpi( ).
    put_to_cache( lv_cache_key, ls_cached ).
  ENDIF.

  io_response->set_data( VALUE #( ( ls_cached ) ) ).
ENDMETHOD.

IAM Business Catalog: ZPO_BC_BUYER
├── IAM App: ZPO_MANAGE (Bestellungen verwalten)
├── IAM App: ZPO_KPI (KPI Tile Service)
└── Restriction Type: ZPO_RT (Org-Einheiten)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<iam:catalog
  xmlns:iam="http://www.sap.com/iam"
  catalogId="ZPO_BC_KPI">

  <catalogDescription>Purchase Order KPI Tiles</catalogDescription>

  <catalogApps>
    <iamApp>ZPO_KPI_TILES</iamApp>
  </catalogApps>

</iam:catalog>

Semantic Object: PurchaseOrder
Actions:
  - manage     → Hauptanwendung
  - display    → Nur Anzeige
  - create     → Schnellerfassung
  - approve    → Genehmigungsapp
  - kpi        → Dashboard