RAP Feature Control: Controlar elementos UI dinámicamente

Kategorie

RAP

Veröffentlicht

14 feb 2026

Autor

Feature Control permite el control dinámico de elementos UI en aplicaciones Fiori. Puedes activar, desactivar campos, acciones y operaciones o marcarlas como obligatorias basándote en el estado de los datos o permisos.

Static vs. Dynamic Feature Control

RAP distingue entre Feature Control estático (declarativo) y dinámico (programático):

Aspecto	Static Feature Control	Dynamic Feature Control
Definición	En Behavior Definition	En Behavior Implementation
Evaluación	Tiempo de compilación	Tiempo de ejecución
Contexto	Siempre igual	Dependiente de instancia o global
Ejemplo	`field ( readonly ) TravelId`	`features: instance`

Static Feature Control

Las características estáticas se declaran directamente en la Behavior Definition:

define behavior for ZI_Travel alias Travel
persistent table ztravel
lock master
authorization master ( instance )
etag master LastChangedAt
{
  create;
  update;
  delete;

  // Features de campo estáticos
  field ( readonly ) TravelId;                    " Siempre solo lectura
  field ( mandatory ) CustomerId;                 " Siempre obligatorio
  field ( readonly : update ) AgencyId;           " Solo lectura en update
  field ( readonly ) CreatedBy, CreatedAt;        " Campos admin
}

Dynamic Feature Control

Las características dinámicas se calculan en tiempo de ejecución:

define behavior for ZI_Travel alias Travel
{
  // Operaciones con Feature Control dinámico
  delete ( features: instance );

  // Campos con Feature Control dinámico
  field ( features: instance ) Status, Description;

  // Acciones con Feature Control dinámico
  action ( features: instance ) acceptTravel result [1] $self;
  action ( features: instance ) rejectTravel result [1] $self;

  // Activar Global Feature Control
  static features;
}

Instance Feature Control

Instance Feature Control permite controlar características por instancia basándose en su estado de datos.

Implementación

CLASS lhc_travel DEFINITION INHERITING FROM cl_abap_behavior_handler.
  PRIVATE SECTION.
    METHODS get_instance_features FOR INSTANCE FEATURES
      IMPORTING keys REQUEST requested_features FOR Travel
      RESULT result.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS lhc_travel IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD get_instance_features.
    " Leer datos de instancia actual
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_travel IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Travel
        FIELDS ( Status )
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(lt_travel)
      FAILED failed.

    " Establecer features por instancia
    result = VALUE #( FOR ls_travel IN lt_travel
      LET lv_is_open = xsdbool( ls_travel-Status = 'O' )
          lv_is_accepted = xsdbool( ls_travel-Status = 'A' )
      IN (
        %tky = ls_travel-%tky

        " Delete solo permitido con Status 'Open'
        %delete = COND #(
          WHEN lv_is_open = abap_true
          THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled
          ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled
        )

        " Campos readonly o editables según estado
        %field-Status = COND #(
          WHEN lv_is_open = abap_true
          THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-f-unrestricted
          ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-f-read_only
        )
        %field-Description = COND #(
          WHEN lv_is_open = abap_true
          THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-f-unrestricted
          ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-f-read_only
        )

        " Accept-Action solo con Status 'Open'
        %action-acceptTravel = COND #(
          WHEN lv_is_open = abap_true
          THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled
          ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled
        )

        " Reject-Action solo con Status 'Accepted'
        %action-rejectTravel = COND #(
          WHEN lv_is_accepted = abap_true
          THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled
          ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled
        )
      )
    ).
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

Constantes de Feature

Constante	Tipo	Descripción
`if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled`	Operation	Operación activada
`if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled`	Operation	Operación desactivada
`if_abap_behv=>fc-f-read_only`	Field	Solo lectura
`if_abap_behv=>fc-f-mandatory`	Field	Campo obligatorio
`if_abap_behv=>fc-f-unrestricted`	Field	Sin restricción
`if_abap_behv=>fc-f-mandatory_and_read_only`	Field	Obligatorio y readonly

Global Feature Control

Global Feature Control controla características independientemente de instancias individuales - típicamente basado en permisos o estados del sistema.

Behavior Definition

define behavior for ZI_Travel alias Travel
{
  // Create con Global Feature Control
  create ( features: global );

  // Static Actions con Global Feature Control
  static action ( features: global ) massUpdate;
  static action ( features: global ) importData;

  // Activar Global Features
  static features;
}

Implementación

CLASS lhc_travel DEFINITION INHERITING FROM cl_abap_behavior_handler.
  PRIVATE SECTION.
    METHODS get_global_features FOR GLOBAL FEATURES
      IMPORTING REQUEST requested_features FOR Travel
      RESULT result.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS lhc_travel IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD get_global_features.
    " Verificación de permisos
    AUTHORITY-CHECK OBJECT 'Z_TRAVEL'
      ID 'ACTVT' FIELD '01'.  " Create
    DATA(lv_has_create_auth) = xsdbool( sy-subrc = 0 ).

    AUTHORITY-CHECK OBJECT 'Z_TRAVEL'
      ID 'ACTVT' FIELD '02'.  " Change
    DATA(lv_has_change_auth) = xsdbool( sy-subrc = 0 ).

    result = VALUE #(
      " Create solo con permiso
      %create = COND #(
        WHEN lv_has_create_auth = abap_true
        THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled
        ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled
      )

      " massUpdate solo con permiso Change
      %action-massUpdate = COND #(
        WHEN lv_has_change_auth = abap_true
        THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled
        ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled
      )
    ).
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

Features para operaciones estándar

Create, Update, Delete

define behavior for ZI_Travel alias Travel
{
  // Static Feature Control
  create;                              " Siempre permitido
  update;                              " Siempre permitido
  delete ( features: instance );       " Dinámico por instancia
}

METHOD get_instance_features.
  READ ENTITIES OF zi_travel IN LOCAL MODE
    ENTITY Travel
      FIELDS ( Status )
      WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
    RESULT DATA(lt_travel).

  result = VALUE #( FOR ls_travel IN lt_travel (
    %tky = ls_travel-%tky

    " Update solo con Status Open o Draft
    %update = COND #(
      WHEN ls_travel-Status = 'O' OR ls_travel-Status = 'D'
      THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled
      ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled
    )

    " Delete solo con Status Open
    %delete = COND #(
      WHEN ls_travel-Status = 'O'
      THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled
      ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled
    )
  ) ).
ENDMETHOD.

Interacción con Authorization

Feature Control y Authorization se complementan:

Authorization: Verificación de permisos - devuelve error en acceso no autorizado
Feature Control: Control de UI - evita que usuarios vean acciones no permitidas

CLASS lhc_travel DEFINITION INHERITING FROM cl_abap_behavior_handler.
  PRIVATE SECTION.
    METHODS get_instance_authorizations FOR INSTANCE AUTHORIZATION
      IMPORTING keys REQUEST requested_authorizations FOR Travel
      RESULT result.

    METHODS get_instance_features FOR INSTANCE FEATURES
      IMPORTING keys REQUEST requested_features FOR Travel
      RESULT result.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS lhc_travel IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD get_instance_authorizations.
    " Verificación de permisos
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_travel IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Travel
        FIELDS ( AgencyId )
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(lt_travel).

    LOOP AT lt_travel INTO DATA(ls_travel).
      " Verificar permiso para esta Agency
      AUTHORITY-CHECK OBJECT 'Z_AGENCY'
        ID 'AGENCY' FIELD ls_travel-AgencyId
        ID 'ACTVT'  FIELD '02'.

      DATA(lv_authorized) = xsdbool( sy-subrc = 0 ).

      APPEND VALUE #(
        %tky = ls_travel-%tky
        %update = COND #( WHEN lv_authorized = abap_true
                          THEN if_abap_behv=>auth-allowed
                          ELSE if_abap_behv=>auth-unauthorized )
        %delete = COND #( WHEN lv_authorized = abap_true
                          THEN if_abap_behv=>auth-allowed
                          ELSE if_abap_behv=>auth-unauthorized )
      ) TO result.
    ENDLOOP.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD get_instance_features.
    " Feature Control: Basado en Status Y permisos
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_travel IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Travel
        FIELDS ( Status AgencyId )
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(lt_travel).

    LOOP AT lt_travel INTO DATA(ls_travel).
      " Verificar permiso
      AUTHORITY-CHECK OBJECT 'Z_AGENCY'
        ID 'AGENCY' FIELD ls_travel-AgencyId
        ID 'ACTVT'  FIELD '02'.
      DATA(lv_has_auth) = xsdbool( sy-subrc = 0 ).

      " Combinación: Status Open Y permiso
      DATA(lv_can_edit) = xsdbool( ls_travel-Status = 'O' AND lv_has_auth = abap_true ).

      APPEND VALUE #(
        %tky = ls_travel-%tky
        %delete = COND #( WHEN lv_can_edit = abap_true
                          THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled
                          ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled )
        %field-Description = COND #( WHEN lv_can_edit = abap_true
                                     THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-f-unrestricted
                                     ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-f-read_only )
      ) TO result.
    ENDLOOP.
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

Establecer campos obligatorios dinámicamente

METHOD get_instance_features.
  READ ENTITIES OF zi_travel IN LOCAL MODE
    ENTITY Travel
      FIELDS ( Status TravelType )
      WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
    RESULT DATA(lt_travel).

  result = VALUE #( FOR ls_travel IN lt_travel (
    %tky = ls_travel-%tky

    " CustomerID es obligatorio en viajes de negocios
    %field-CustomerId = COND #(
      WHEN ls_travel-TravelType = 'B'  " Business
      THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-f-mandatory
      ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-f-unrestricted
    )

    " Approval es obligatorio a partir de cierto monto
    %field-ApproverId = COND #(
      WHEN ls_travel-TotalPrice > 5000
      THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-f-mandatory
      ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-f-unrestricted
    )
  ) ).
ENDMETHOD.

Optimización de rendimiento

Feature Control se llama frecuentemente. Optimiza la implementación:

METHOD get_instance_features.
  " 1. Calcular solo features necesarios
  CHECK requested_features-%delete = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
     OR requested_features-%action-acceptTravel = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
     OR requested_features-%field-Status = if_abap_behv=>mk-on.

  " 2. Leer campos mínimos
  READ ENTITIES OF zi_travel IN LOCAL MODE
    ENTITY Travel
      FIELDS ( Status )  " Solo lo necesario
      WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
    RESULT DATA(lt_travel).

  " 3. Bucle eficiente
  result = VALUE #( FOR ls_travel IN lt_travel (
    %tky = ls_travel-%tky
    %delete = COND #( WHEN ls_travel-Status = 'O'
                      THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled
                      ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled )
    " ... más features
  ) ).
ENDMETHOD.

Mejores prácticas

Consistencia: Feature Control y Validations deben ser consistentes - un campo desactivado no debería verificarse en una Validation
IN LOCAL MODE: Usa IN LOCAL MODE para evitar loops de Authorization
Accesos mínimos a base de datos: Lee solo los campos que necesitas para la decisión de features
Global vs. Instance: Usa Global Feature Control para features basados en permisos, Instance para basados en datos
Verificar Requested Features: Calcula solo features solicitados para optimización de rendimiento
Documentación: Documenta la lógica de features para que otros desarrolladores entiendan cuándo están disponibles campos/acciones

Temas relacionados

RAP Side Effects - Actualizaciones automáticas de UI
RAP Authorization - Verificaciones de permisos
RAP Actions y Functions - Implementar lógica de negocio