ABAP Currency & Unit Conversion: Moneda y unidades de medida

Kategorie
ABAP-Statements
Veröffentlicht
Autor
Johannes

Currency & Unit Conversion en ABAP requiere especial atención a los decimales, tipos de cambio y factores de conversión. El manejo correcto es crucial para aplicaciones financieras y logísticas.

Concepto básico

TemaDescripción
MonedaDecimales dependientes de la moneda (EUR: 2, JPY: 0)
Tipo de cambioTasas de la tabla TCURR
Unidad de medidaFactores de conversión en T006
Interno vs. ExternoRepresentación diferente

Ejemplos

1. Convertir importe de moneda

DATA: lv_amount_eur TYPE bapicurr-bapicurr VALUE '1000.00',
      lv_amount_usd TYPE bapicurr-bapicurr,
      lv_rate       TYPE bapi1093_0.


" Convertir EUR a USD
CALL FUNCTION 'BAPI_CURRENCY_CONV_TO_EXTERNAL'
  EXPORTING
    currency        = 'EUR'
    amount_internal = lv_amount_eur
  IMPORTING
    amount_external = lv_amount_eur.


CALL FUNCTION 'BAPI_EXCHANGERATE_GETDETAIL'
  EXPORTING
    rate_type   = 'M'          " Tipo de tasa
    from_curr   = 'EUR'
    to_currncy  = 'USD'
    date        = sy-datum
  IMPORTING
    exch_rate   = lv_rate
  EXCEPTIONS
    not_found   = 1
    OTHERS      = 2.


IF sy-subrc = 0.
  lv_amount_usd = lv_amount_eur * lv_rate-exch_rate.
  WRITE: / '1000 EUR =', lv_amount_usd, 'USD'.
ENDIF.

2. Conversión de moneda con CONVERT_TO_LOCAL_CURRENCY

DATA: lv_source_amount TYPE dmbtr VALUE '1000.00',
      lv_target_amount TYPE dmbtr.


CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERT_TO_LOCAL_CURRENCY'
  EXPORTING
    date             = sy-datum
    foreign_amount   = lv_source_amount
    foreign_currency = 'USD'
    local_currency   = 'EUR'
    type_of_rate     = 'M'
  IMPORTING
    local_amount     = lv_target_amount
  EXCEPTIONS
    no_rate_found    = 1
    overflow         = 2
    no_factors_found = 3
    no_spread_found  = 4
    derived_2_times  = 5
    OTHERS           = 6.


IF sy-subrc = 0.
  WRITE: / '1000 USD =', lv_target_amount, 'EUR'.
ELSE.
  WRITE: / 'Tipo de cambio no encontrado'.
ENDIF.

3. Decimales según moneda

DATA: lv_amount_eur TYPE netwr VALUE '123.45',
      lv_amount_jpy TYPE netwr VALUE '12345',
      lv_decimals   TYPE i.


" Determinar decimales de una moneda
SELECT SINGLE currdec FROM tcurx
  WHERE currkey = 'EUR'
  INTO @lv_decimals.


IF sy-subrc <> 0.
  lv_decimals = 2.  " Estándar
ENDIF.


WRITE: / 'EUR tiene', lv_decimals, 'decimales'.




" Para JPY (0 decimales)
SELECT SINGLE currdec FROM tcurx
  WHERE currkey = 'JPY'
  INTO @lv_decimals.


" lv_decimals = 0




" Formatear importe según moneda
CLASS zcl_currency DEFINITION.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    CLASS-METHODS: format_amount
      IMPORTING iv_amount       TYPE any
                iv_currency     TYPE waers
      RETURNING VALUE(rv_formatted) TYPE string.
ENDCLASS.


CLASS zcl_currency IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD format_amount.
    DATA: lv_decimals TYPE i.


    SELECT SINGLE currdec FROM tcurx
      WHERE currkey = @iv_currency
      INTO @lv_decimals.


    IF sy-subrc <> 0.
      lv_decimals = 2.
    ENDIF.


    rv_formatted = |{ iv_amount DECIMALS = lv_decimals }|.
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

4. Representación de moneda interna/externa

DATA: lv_internal TYPE bapicurr-bapicurr,
      lv_external TYPE bapicurr-bapicurr.


" Interna (BD) -> Externa (visualización)
" Para monedas con menos de 2 decimales
lv_internal = '12345'.  " JPY en BD (sin decimales)


CALL FUNCTION 'BAPI_CURRENCY_CONV_TO_EXTERNAL'
  EXPORTING
    currency        = 'JPY'
    amount_internal = lv_internal
  IMPORTING
    amount_external = lv_external.


" lv_external = '12345.00' para visualización




" Externa -> Interna (para almacenamiento)
lv_external = '12345.00'.


CALL FUNCTION 'BAPI_CURRENCY_CONV_TO_INTERNAL'
  EXPORTING
    currency             = 'JPY'
    amount_external      = lv_external
    max_number_of_digits = 15
  IMPORTING
    amount_internal      = lv_internal.


" lv_internal = '12345' para BD

5. Convertir unidades de medida

DATA: lv_quantity_kg TYPE menge VALUE '1000',
      lv_quantity_to TYPE menge.


" Convertir kg a t (toneladas)
CALL FUNCTION 'UNIT_CONVERSION_SIMPLE'
  EXPORTING
    input                = lv_quantity_kg
    unit_in              = 'KG'
    unit_out             = 'TO'
  IMPORTING
    output               = lv_quantity_to
  EXCEPTIONS
    conversion_not_found = 1
    division_by_zero     = 2
    input_invalid        = 3
    output_invalid       = 4
    overflow             = 5
    type_invalid         = 6
    units_missing        = 7
    unit_in_not_found    = 8
    unit_out_not_found   = 9
    OTHERS               = 10.


IF sy-subrc = 0.
  WRITE: / '1000 KG =', lv_quantity_to, 'TO'.  " 1 TO
ENDIF.

6. Conversión de cantidad específica de material

DATA: lv_quantity_st TYPE menge VALUE '100',   " 100 piezas
      lv_quantity_kg TYPE menge.


" Conversión con maestro de materiales
CALL FUNCTION 'MD_CONVERT_MATERIAL_UNIT'
  EXPORTING
    i_matnr              = '000000000012345678'
    i_in_me              = 'ST'       " Desde piezas
    i_out_me             = 'KG'       " A kilogramos
    i_menge              = lv_quantity_st
  IMPORTING
    e_menge              = lv_quantity_kg
  EXCEPTIONS
    error_in_application = 1
    error                = 2
    OTHERS               = 3.


IF sy-subrc = 0.
  WRITE: / '100 ST =', lv_quantity_kg, 'KG'.
ENDIF.

7. Clase helper de moneda

CLASS zcl_currency_helper DEFINITION.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_conversion_result,
             amount   TYPE dmbtr,
             currency TYPE waers,
             rate     TYPE ukurs,
           END OF ty_conversion_result.


    CLASS-METHODS: convert
      IMPORTING iv_amount         TYPE dmbtr
                iv_from_currency  TYPE waers
                iv_to_currency    TYPE waers
                iv_date           TYPE sy-datum DEFAULT sy-datum
                iv_rate_type      TYPE kurst DEFAULT 'M'
      RETURNING VALUE(rs_result)  TYPE ty_conversion_result
      RAISING   zcx_currency_error.


    CLASS-METHODS: get_decimals
      IMPORTING iv_currency       TYPE waers
      RETURNING VALUE(rv_decimals) TYPE i.


    CLASS-METHODS: round_amount
      IMPORTING iv_amount        TYPE dmbtr
                iv_currency      TYPE waers
      RETURNING VALUE(rv_amount) TYPE dmbtr.


    CLASS-METHODS: to_internal
      IMPORTING iv_amount        TYPE dmbtr
                iv_currency      TYPE waers
      RETURNING VALUE(rv_amount) TYPE dmbtr.


    CLASS-METHODS: to_external
      IMPORTING iv_amount        TYPE dmbtr
                iv_currency      TYPE waers
      RETURNING VALUE(rv_amount) TYPE dmbtr.
ENDCLASS.


CLASS zcl_currency_helper IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD convert.
    IF iv_from_currency = iv_to_currency.
      rs_result-amount   = iv_amount.
      rs_result-currency = iv_to_currency.
      rs_result-rate     = 1.
      RETURN.
    ENDIF.


    CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERT_TO_LOCAL_CURRENCY'
      EXPORTING
        date             = iv_date
        foreign_amount   = iv_amount
        foreign_currency = iv_from_currency
        local_currency   = iv_to_currency
        type_of_rate     = iv_rate_type
      IMPORTING
        local_amount     = rs_result-amount
        exchange_rate    = rs_result-rate
      EXCEPTIONS
        no_rate_found    = 1
        OTHERS           = 2.


    IF sy-subrc <> 0.
      RAISE EXCEPTION TYPE zcx_currency_error
        EXPORTING
          textid = zcx_currency_error=>rate_not_found
          from_currency = iv_from_currency
          to_currency   = iv_to_currency.
    ENDIF.


    rs_result-currency = iv_to_currency.
  ENDMETHOD.


  METHOD get_decimals.
    SELECT SINGLE currdec FROM tcurx
      WHERE currkey = @iv_currency
      INTO @rv_decimals.


    IF sy-subrc <> 0.
      rv_decimals = 2.  " Estándar
    ENDIF.
  ENDMETHOD.


  METHOD round_amount.
    DATA(lv_decimals) = get_decimals( iv_currency ).


    rv_amount = round(
      val  = iv_amount
      dec  = lv_decimals
      mode = cl_abap_math=>round_half_up
    ).
  ENDMETHOD.


  METHOD to_internal.
    CALL FUNCTION 'BAPI_CURRENCY_CONV_TO_INTERNAL'
      EXPORTING
        currency             = iv_currency
        amount_external      = iv_amount
        max_number_of_digits = 23
      IMPORTING
        amount_internal      = rv_amount.
  ENDMETHOD.


  METHOD to_external.
    CALL FUNCTION 'BAPI_CURRENCY_CONV_TO_EXTERNAL'
      EXPORTING
        currency        = iv_currency
        amount_internal = iv_amount
      IMPORTING
        amount_external = rv_amount.
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.




" Uso
TRY.
    DATA(ls_result) = zcl_currency_helper=>convert(
      iv_amount        = '1000.00'
      iv_from_currency = 'USD'
      iv_to_currency   = 'EUR'
    ).


    WRITE: / '1000 USD =', ls_result-amount, 'EUR'.
    WRITE: / 'Tasa:', ls_result-rate.


  CATCH zcx_currency_error INTO DATA(lx_error).
    WRITE: / lx_error->get_text( ).
ENDTRY.

8. Clase helper de unidades

CLASS zcl_unit_helper DEFINITION.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    CLASS-METHODS: convert
      IMPORTING iv_quantity      TYPE menge
                iv_from_unit     TYPE meins
                iv_to_unit       TYPE meins
                iv_matnr         TYPE matnr OPTIONAL
      RETURNING VALUE(rv_quantity) TYPE menge
      RAISING   zcx_unit_error.


    CLASS-METHODS: get_base_unit
      IMPORTING iv_matnr        TYPE matnr
      RETURNING VALUE(rv_unit)  TYPE meins.


    CLASS-METHODS: get_conversion_factor
      IMPORTING iv_from_unit     TYPE meins
                iv_to_unit       TYPE meins
      RETURNING VALUE(rv_factor) TYPE f.
ENDCLASS.


CLASS zcl_unit_helper IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD convert.
    IF iv_from_unit = iv_to_unit.
      rv_quantity = iv_quantity.
      RETURN.
    ENDIF.


    " Específico de material si se indica material
    IF iv_matnr IS NOT INITIAL.
      CALL FUNCTION 'MD_CONVERT_MATERIAL_UNIT'
        EXPORTING
          i_matnr              = iv_matnr
          i_in_me              = iv_from_unit
          i_out_me             = iv_to_unit
          i_menge              = iv_quantity
        IMPORTING
          e_menge              = rv_quantity
        EXCEPTIONS
          error_in_application = 1
          OTHERS               = 2.


      IF sy-subrc = 0.
        RETURN.
      ENDIF.
    ENDIF.


    " Conversión general
    CALL FUNCTION 'UNIT_CONVERSION_SIMPLE'
      EXPORTING
        input    = iv_quantity
        unit_in  = iv_from_unit
        unit_out = iv_to_unit
      IMPORTING
        output   = rv_quantity
      EXCEPTIONS
        OTHERS   = 1.


    IF sy-subrc <> 0.
      RAISE EXCEPTION TYPE zcx_unit_error
        EXPORTING
          textid    = zcx_unit_error=>conversion_failed
          from_unit = iv_from_unit
          to_unit   = iv_to_unit.
    ENDIF.
  ENDMETHOD.


  METHOD get_base_unit.
    SELECT SINGLE meins FROM mara
      WHERE matnr = @iv_matnr
      INTO @rv_unit.
  ENDMETHOD.


  METHOD get_conversion_factor.
    DATA: lv_output TYPE menge.


    CALL FUNCTION 'UNIT_CONVERSION_SIMPLE'
      EXPORTING
        input    = CONV menge( 1 )
        unit_in  = iv_from_unit
        unit_out = iv_to_unit
      IMPORTING
        output   = lv_output
      EXCEPTIONS
        OTHERS   = 1.


    IF sy-subrc = 0.
      rv_factor = lv_output.
    ELSE.
      rv_factor = 1.
    ENDIF.
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

9. Conversión de precios

" Convertir precio por unidad de medida
DATA: lv_price     TYPE netpr VALUE '10.00',  " 10 EUR por 100 piezas
      lv_per_unit  TYPE i VALUE 100,           " Por 100
      lv_quantity  TYPE menge VALUE '250',
      lv_total     TYPE netwr.


" Calcular precio total
lv_total = lv_price * lv_quantity / lv_per_unit.
" 10.00 * 250 / 100 = 25.00 EUR




" Con conversión de unidades
DATA: lv_price_kg  TYPE netpr VALUE '2.50',   " 2.50 EUR por KG
      lv_qty_to    TYPE menge VALUE '500',     " 500 KG pedidos
      lv_total_to  TYPE netwr.


" Primero convertir a toneladas
DATA(lv_qty_converted) = zcl_unit_helper=>convert(
  iv_quantity  = lv_qty_to
  iv_from_unit = 'KG'
  iv_to_unit   = 'TO'
).


" Calcular precio por 1 TO
DATA(lv_price_to) = lv_price_kg * 1000.  " 2500 EUR por TO
lv_total_to = lv_price_to * lv_qty_converted.

10. Redondeo comercial

DATA: lv_amount TYPE p DECIMALS 4 VALUE '123.4567',
      lv_rounded TYPE p DECIMALS 2.


" Redondeo matemático
lv_rounded = round( val = lv_amount dec = 2 ).
" 123.46


" Redondeo comercial (mitad hacia arriba)
lv_rounded = round(
  val  = lv_amount
  dec  = 2
  mode = cl_abap_math=>round_half_up
).


" Redondear hacia abajo
lv_rounded = floor( lv_amount * 100 ) / 100.
" 123.45


" Redondear hacia arriba
lv_rounded = ceil( lv_amount * 100 ) / 100.
" 123.46




" Con moneda
DATA(lv_currency_amount) = zcl_currency_helper=>round_amount(
  iv_amount   = lv_amount
  iv_currency = 'EUR'
).

11. Importes en SQL

" Conversión de moneda en CDS View
@AbapCatalog.viewEnhancementCategory: [#NONE]
define view entity ZI_SalesAmount as select from vbak
{
  key vbeln,
      netwr,
      waerk,


      // Importe con corrección de decimales
      @Semantics.amount.currencyCode: 'waerk'
      netwr as Amount,


      // En moneda local (simplificado)
      @Semantics.amount.currencyCode: 'EUR'
      cast(netwr as abap.curr(15,2)) as AmountEUR
}




" En Open SQL
SELECT vbeln, netwr, waerk,
       CURR_TO_DECFLOAT_AMOUNT( netwr, waerk ) AS amount_decimal
  FROM vbak
  INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_sales).

12. Códigos ISO

" Códigos internos SAP vs. códigos ISO
DATA: lv_sap_currency TYPE waers VALUE 'EUR',
      lv_iso_currency TYPE isocd.


" SAP -> ISO
SELECT SINGLE isocd FROM tcurc
  WHERE waers = @lv_sap_currency
  INTO @lv_iso_currency.


" ISO -> SAP
SELECT SINGLE waers FROM tcurc
  WHERE isocd = 'EUR'
  INTO @lv_sap_currency.




" Unidades de medida
DATA: lv_sap_unit TYPE meins VALUE 'KG',
      lv_iso_unit TYPE isocd_unit.


SELECT SINGLE isocode FROM t006
  WHERE msehi = @lv_sap_unit
  INTO @lv_iso_unit.

Tablas importantes

TablaContenido
TCURRTipos de cambio
TCURCMonedas
TCURXDecimales
T006Unidades de medida
T006ATextos de unidades
MARMUnidades de medida de material

Notas importantes / Mejores prácticas

  • Decimales siempre tratar dependiendo de la moneda.
  • BAPI_CURRENCY_CONV para conversión conforme a SAP.
  • Representación interna para BD, externa para visualización.
  • Redondeo según reglas comerciales.
  • Tipo de tasa ‘M’ para conversión estándar.
  • Específico de material para conversión precisa de cantidades.
  • Códigos ISO para interfaces externas.
  • Semantics en CDS para representación correcta.
  • Manejo de errores para tasas no encontradas.
  • Combine con Desarrollo BAPI para APIs.