ABAP ALV con CL_SALV_TABLE: Visualización moderna de tablas

DATA: lo_alv TYPE REF TO cl_salv_table.

TRY.
    " Crear ALV
    cl_salv_table=>factory(
      IMPORTING r_salv_table = lo_alv
      CHANGING  t_table      = lt_data
    ).

    " Configuración...

    " Mostrar
    lo_alv->display( ).

  CATCH cx_salv_msg INTO DATA(lx_error).
    WRITE: / lx_error->get_text( ).
ENDTRY.

REPORT z_alv_simple.

TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_customer,
         id    TYPE i,
         name  TYPE string,
         city  TYPE string,
       END OF ty_customer.

DATA: lt_customers TYPE TABLE OF ty_customer,
      lo_alv       TYPE REF TO cl_salv_table.

" Datos de prueba
lt_customers = VALUE #(
  ( id = 1 name = 'Empresa A'  city = 'Madrid' )
  ( id = 2 name = 'Empresa B'  city = 'Barcelona' )
  ( id = 3 name = 'Empresa C'  city = 'Valencia' )
).

TRY.
    cl_salv_table=>factory(
      IMPORTING r_salv_table = lo_alv
      CHANGING  t_table      = lt_customers
    ).

    lo_alv->display( ).

  CATCH cx_salv_msg.
ENDTRY.

DATA: lo_columns TYPE REF TO cl_salv_columns_table,
      lo_column  TYPE REF TO cl_salv_column.

TRY.
    cl_salv_table=>factory(
      IMPORTING r_salv_table = lo_alv
      CHANGING  t_table      = lt_customers
    ).

    " Obtener objeto de columnas
    lo_columns = lo_alv->get_columns( ).

    " Optimizar ancho de columnas
    lo_columns->set_optimize( abap_true ).

    " Configurar columna individual
    lo_column = lo_columns->get_column( 'ID' ).
    lo_column->set_short_text( 'ID' ).
    lo_column->set_medium_text( 'ID Cliente' ).
    lo_column->set_long_text( 'Número de cliente' ).
    lo_column->set_output_length( 10 ).

    lo_column = lo_columns->get_column( 'NAME' ).
    lo_column->set_long_text( 'Nombre del cliente' ).

    lo_column = lo_columns->get_column( 'CITY' ).
    lo_column->set_long_text( 'Ciudad' ).

    lo_alv->display( ).

  CATCH cx_salv_not_found cx_salv_msg.
ENDTRY.

TRY.
    lo_column = lo_columns->get_column( 'INTERNAL_FIELD' ).
    lo_column->set_visible( abap_false ).
  CATCH cx_salv_not_found.
ENDTRY.

DATA: lo_functions TYPE REF TO cl_salv_functions_list.

" Activar todas las funciones estándar
lo_functions = lo_alv->get_functions( ).
lo_functions->set_all( abap_true ).

" O funciones individuales
lo_functions->set_export_xml( abap_true ).
lo_functions->set_export_spreadsheet( abap_true ).
lo_functions->set_print( abap_true ).
lo_functions->set_find( abap_true ).
lo_functions->set_aggregation( abap_true ).
lo_functions->set_filter( abap_true ).
lo_functions->set_sort_asc( abap_true ).
lo_functions->set_sort_desc( abap_true ).

DATA: lo_sorts TYPE REF TO cl_salv_sorts.

lo_sorts = lo_alv->get_sorts( ).

TRY.
    " Ordenar por ciudad (ascendente)
    lo_sorts->add_sort(
      columnname = 'CITY'
      position   = 1
      sequence   = if_salv_c_sort=>sort_up
    ).

    " Segunda ordenación por nombre
    lo_sorts->add_sort(
      columnname = 'NAME'
      position   = 2
      sequence   = if_salv_c_sort=>sort_up
    ).
  CATCH cx_salv_not_found cx_salv_existing cx_salv_data_error.
ENDTRY.

DATA: lo_filters TYPE REF TO cl_salv_filters.

lo_filters = lo_alv->get_filters( ).

TRY.
    " Filtrar por ciudad
    lo_filters->add_filter(
      columnname = 'CITY'
      sign       = 'I'
      option     = 'EQ'
      low        = 'Madrid'
    ).
  CATCH cx_salv_not_found cx_salv_existing cx_salv_data_error.
ENDTRY.

DATA: lo_aggregations TYPE REF TO cl_salv_aggregations.

lo_aggregations = lo_alv->get_aggregations( ).

TRY.
    " Suma para columna de importe
    lo_aggregations->add_aggregation(
      columnname  = 'AMOUNT'
      aggregation = if_salv_c_aggregation=>total
    ).

    " Promedio
    lo_aggregations->add_aggregation(
      columnname  = 'QUANTITY'
      aggregation = if_salv_c_aggregation=>average
    ).
  CATCH cx_salv_not_found cx_salv_existing cx_salv_data_error.
ENDTRY.

DATA: lo_display TYPE REF TO cl_salv_display_settings.

lo_display = lo_alv->get_display_settings( ).

" Patrón cebra (colores de fila alternados)
lo_display->set_striped_pattern( abap_true ).

" Establecer título
lo_display->set_list_header( 'Lista de clientes' ).

" Líneas horizontales
lo_display->set_horizontal_lines( abap_true ).

" Líneas verticales
lo_display->set_vertical_lines( abap_true ).

" Clase manejadora de eventos
CLASS lcl_event_handler DEFINITION.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    METHODS: on_double_click
      FOR EVENT double_click OF cl_salv_events_table
      IMPORTING row column.

    METHODS: on_link_click
      FOR EVENT link_click OF cl_salv_events_table
      IMPORTING row column.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS lcl_event_handler IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD on_double_click.
    " Leer datos
    READ TABLE lt_customers INTO DATA(ls_cust) INDEX row.
    IF sy-subrc = 0.
      MESSAGE |Doble clic en { ls_cust-name }| TYPE 'I'.
    ENDIF.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD on_link_click.
    MESSAGE |Clic en enlace: Fila { row }, Columna { column }| TYPE 'I'.
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.


" Programa principal
DATA: lo_events  TYPE REF TO cl_salv_events_table,
      lo_handler TYPE REF TO lcl_event_handler.

TRY.
    cl_salv_table=>factory(
      IMPORTING r_salv_table = lo_alv
      CHANGING  t_table      = lt_customers
    ).

    " Registrar manejador de eventos
    lo_events = lo_alv->get_event( ).
    lo_handler = NEW #( ).

    SET HANDLER lo_handler->on_double_click FOR lo_events.
    SET HANDLER lo_handler->on_link_click FOR lo_events.

    lo_alv->display( ).

  CATCH cx_salv_msg.
ENDTRY.

TRY.
    lo_column = lo_columns->get_column( 'ID' ).

    " Marcar columna como hotspot (enlace)
    lo_column->set_cell_type( if_salv_c_cell_type=>hotspot ).

  CATCH cx_salv_not_found.
ENDTRY.

TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_colored_line,
         id      TYPE i,
         name    TYPE string,
         status  TYPE c LENGTH 1,
         t_color TYPE lvc_t_scol,  " Información de color
       END OF ty_colored_line.

DATA: lt_data TYPE TABLE OF ty_colored_line,
      ls_color TYPE lvc_s_scol.

" Llenar datos con colores
lt_data = VALUE #(
  ( id = 1 name = 'OK'     status = 'G' )
  ( id = 2 name = 'Error'  status = 'R' )
  ( id = 3 name = 'Aviso'  status = 'Y' )
).

" Establecer colores
LOOP AT lt_data ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<ls_line>).
  CLEAR ls_color.
  ls_color-fname = 'STATUS'.

  CASE <ls_line>-status.
    WHEN 'G'.
      ls_color-color-col = col_positive.  " Verde
    WHEN 'R'.
      ls_color-color-col = col_negative.  " Rojo
    WHEN 'Y'.
      ls_color-color-col = col_total.     " Amarillo
  ENDCASE.

  APPEND ls_color TO <ls_line>-t_color.
ENDLOOP.

" ALV con colores
TRY.
    cl_salv_table=>factory(
      IMPORTING r_salv_table = lo_alv
      CHANGING  t_table      = lt_data
    ).

    " Asignar columna de color
    lo_columns = lo_alv->get_columns( ).
    lo_columns->set_color_column( 'T_COLOR' ).

    " Ocultar columna de color
    lo_column = lo_columns->get_column( 'T_COLOR' ).
    lo_column->set_visible( abap_false ).

    lo_alv->display( ).

  CATCH cx_salv_not_found cx_salv_msg.
ENDTRY.

DATA: lo_layout TYPE REF TO cl_salv_layout,
      ls_key    TYPE salv_s_layout_key.

" Definir clave de layout
ls_key-report = sy-repid.

lo_layout = lo_alv->get_layout( ).
lo_layout->set_key( ls_key ).

" Usuario puede guardar layout
lo_layout->set_save_restriction( if_salv_c_layout=>restrict_none ).

" Layout por defecto
lo_layout->set_default( abap_true ).

" ¡Solo posible en modo pantalla completa!
DATA: lo_functions TYPE REF TO cl_salv_functions.

" Establecer GUI status (para botones propios)
lo_alv->set_screen_status(
  pfstatus      = 'ZSTATUS'
  report        = sy-repid
  set_functions = lo_alv->c_functions_all
).

" Manejador de eventos para comando de usuario
CLASS lcl_handler DEFINITION.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    METHODS: on_user_command
      FOR EVENT added_function OF cl_salv_events
      IMPORTING e_salv_function.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS lcl_handler IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD on_user_command.
    CASE e_salv_function.
      WHEN 'ZREFRESH'.
        " Actualizar datos
        refresh_data( ).
        lo_alv->refresh( ).

      WHEN 'ZEXPORT'.
        " Exportación propia
        export_data( ).
    ENDCASE.
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.


" Registrar manejador
DATA: lo_events TYPE REF TO cl_salv_events.

lo_events = lo_alv->get_event( ).
SET HANDLER lo_handler->on_user_command FOR lo_events.

" Para programación de pantallas
DATA: lo_container TYPE REF TO cl_gui_custom_container.

" Crear contenedor (en pantalla: Custom Control 'CC_ALV')
lo_container = NEW #( container_name = 'CC_ALV' ).

TRY.
    " ALV en contenedor
    cl_salv_table=>factory(
      EXPORTING r_container  = lo_container
      IMPORTING r_salv_table = lo_alv
      CHANGING  t_table      = lt_data
    ).

    " Configuración...

    lo_alv->display( ).

  CATCH cx_salv_msg.
ENDTRY.

" Los datos han cambiado
lt_customers = VALUE #(
  ( id = 1 name = 'Nuevo' city = 'Madrid' )
  ( id = 2 name = 'Actualizado' city = 'Barcelona' )
).

" Actualizar ALV
lo_alv->refresh( ).

" Con mantener posición de scroll
lo_alv->refresh(
  s_stable = VALUE lvc_s_stbl( row = abap_true col = abap_true )
).

" ¡Por desgracia no es posible directamente con CL_SALV_TABLE!
" Para ALV editable: usar CL_GUI_ALV_GRID

" Workaround: Leer datos de la tabla después de Display
" (La tabla se pasó como CHANGING)