ABAP String Templates: Formatting Strings with |{ }|

|Literal text { expression } more text|
|{ expression OPTION = value }|

DATA: lv_name TYPE string VALUE 'Max',
      lv_age  TYPE i VALUE 30.

" Classic with CONCATENATE
DATA: lv_text TYPE string.
CONCATENATE 'Hello ' lv_name ', you are ' lv_age ' years old.'
  INTO lv_text.

" Modern with String Template
DATA(lv_text2) = |Hello { lv_name }, you are { lv_age } years old.|.

WRITE: / lv_text2.  " Hello Max, you are 30 years old.

DATA: lv_a TYPE i VALUE 10,
      lv_b TYPE i VALUE 5.

" Embed calculations directly
DATA(lv_calc) = |{ lv_a } + { lv_b } = { lv_a + lv_b }|.
WRITE: / lv_calc.  " 10 + 5 = 15

" Method calls
DATA(lv_upper) = |Name: { to_upper( lv_name ) }|.
WRITE: / lv_upper.  " Name: MAX

" Conditional expressions
DATA(lv_status) = |Status: { COND #( WHEN lv_age >= 18 THEN 'Adult' ELSE 'Minor' ) }|.

DATA: lv_num TYPE i VALUE 42.

" Minimum width with WIDTH
DATA(lv_w) = |Number: { lv_num WIDTH = 10 }|.
WRITE: / lv_w.  " Number:         42

" Alignment with ALIGN
DATA(lv_left)   = |[{ lv_num WIDTH = 10 ALIGN = LEFT }]|.
DATA(lv_right)  = |[{ lv_num WIDTH = 10 ALIGN = RIGHT }]|.
DATA(lv_center) = |[{ lv_num WIDTH = 10 ALIGN = CENTER }]|.

WRITE: / lv_left.    " [42        ]
WRITE: / lv_right.   " [        42]
WRITE: / lv_center.  " [    42    ]

" Fill character with PAD
DATA(lv_padded) = |{ lv_num WIDTH = 6 ALIGN = RIGHT PAD = '0' }|.
WRITE: / lv_padded.  " 000042

DATA: lv_amount TYPE p DECIMALS 2 VALUE '-1234.56'.

" Specify decimal places
DATA(lv_d1) = |Amount: { lv_amount DECIMALS = 2 }|.
WRITE: / lv_d1.  " Amount: -1234.56

" Sign position
DATA(lv_sign_left)  = |{ lv_amount SIGN = LEFT }|.   " -1234.56
DATA(lv_sign_right) = |{ lv_amount SIGN = RIGHT }|.  " 1234.56-
DATA(lv_sign_leftplus) = |{ lv_amount SIGN = LEFTPLUS }|. " -1234.56 (+ for positive)

" Thousands separator
DATA: lv_big TYPE p DECIMALS 2 VALUE '1234567.89'.
DATA(lv_sep) = |{ lv_big NUMBER = USER }|.  " User format (e.g., 1,234,567.89)
DATA(lv_raw) = |{ lv_big NUMBER = RAW }|.   " Without formatting

DATA: lv_date TYPE d VALUE '20241115'.

" Various date formats
DATA(lv_d_raw)  = |{ lv_date DATE = RAW }|.       " 20241115
DATA(lv_d_iso)  = |{ lv_date DATE = ISO }|.       " 2024-11-15
DATA(lv_d_user) = |{ lv_date DATE = USER }|.      " User format
DATA(lv_d_env)  = |{ lv_date DATE = ENVIRONMENT }|.

WRITE: / 'RAW:', lv_d_raw.
WRITE: / 'ISO:', lv_d_iso.
WRITE: / 'USER:', lv_d_user.

DATA: lv_time TYPE t VALUE '143025'.

" Various time formats
DATA(lv_t_raw)  = |{ lv_time TIME = RAW }|.   " 143025
DATA(lv_t_iso)  = |{ lv_time TIME = ISO }|.   " 14:30:25
DATA(lv_t_user) = |{ lv_time TIME = USER }|.  " User format

WRITE: / 'Time:', lv_t_iso.

DATA: lv_ts TYPE timestamp.
GET TIME STAMP FIELD lv_ts.

DATA(lv_ts_iso)   = |{ lv_ts TIMESTAMP = ISO }|.
DATA(lv_ts_space) = |{ lv_ts TIMESTAMP = SPACE }|.
DATA(lv_ts_user)  = |{ lv_ts TIMESTAMP = USER }|.

WRITE: / 'Timestamp:', lv_ts_iso.

DATA: lv_matnr TYPE string VALUE '000000000000012345'.

" Alpha OUT: Remove leading zeros
DATA(lv_without_zeros) = |{ lv_matnr ALPHA = OUT }|.
WRITE: / lv_without_zeros.  " 12345

" Alpha IN: Add leading zeros
DATA: lv_short TYPE string VALUE '12345'.
DATA(lv_with_zeros) = |{ lv_short ALPHA = IN WIDTH = 18 }|.
WRITE: / lv_with_zeros.  " 000000000000012345

DATA: lv_text TYPE string VALUE 'Hello World'.

DATA(lv_upper) = |{ lv_text CASE = UPPER }|.  " HELLO WORLD
DATA(lv_lower) = |{ lv_text CASE = LOWER }|.  " hello world
DATA(lv_raw)   = |{ lv_text CASE = RAW }|.    " Hello World

WRITE: / lv_upper.
WRITE: / lv_lower.

" Escape special characters
DATA(lv_pipe)    = |Pipe: \| and curly braces: \{ \}|.
DATA(lv_newline) = |Line 1\nLine 2|.
DATA(lv_tab)     = |Column1\tColumn2|.
DATA(lv_backsl)  = |Path: C:\\Folder\\File|.

WRITE: / lv_pipe.
WRITE: / lv_newline.
WRITE: / lv_tab.

" Strings can span multiple lines
DATA(lv_multi) = |This is a | &&
                 |multi-line | &&
                 |string.|.

" Or with \n for actual line breaks
DATA(lv_lines) = |Line 1\n| &&
                 |Line 2\n| &&
                 |Line 3|.

cl_demo_output=>display( lv_lines ).

DATA: lv_status TYPE i VALUE 2.

DATA(lv_msg) = |Status: { SWITCH string( lv_status
  WHEN 1 THEN 'New'
  WHEN 2 THEN 'In Progress'
  WHEN 3 THEN 'Completed'
  ELSE 'Unknown'
) }|.

WRITE: / lv_msg.  " Status: In Progress

TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_customer,
         id   TYPE i,
         name TYPE string,
         city TYPE string,
       END OF ty_customer.

DATA: ls_customer TYPE ty_customer.

ls_customer = VALUE #( id = 1001 name = 'Miller GmbH' city = 'Berlin' ).

DATA(lv_info) = |Customer { ls_customer-id }: { ls_customer-name } from { ls_customer-city }|.

WRITE: / lv_info.  " Customer 1001: Miller GmbH from Berlin

DATA: lt_names TYPE TABLE OF string.

lt_names = VALUE #( ( `Anna` ) ( `Bernd` ) ( `Clara` ) ).

" Direct table access
DATA(lv_first) = |First entry: { lt_names[ 1 ] }|.
WRITE: / lv_first.  " First entry: Anna

" With OPTIONAL for safe access
DATA(lv_safe) = |Entry: { VALUE #( lt_names[ 999 ] OPTIONAL ) }|.

LOOP AT lt_names INTO DATA(lv_name).
  DATA(lv_line) = |{ sy-tabix }. { lv_name }|.
  WRITE: / lv_line.
ENDLOOP.

" Output:
" 1. Anna
" 2. Bernd
" 3. Clara

" Building dynamic SQL (Caution: SQL Injection!)
DATA: lv_field TYPE string VALUE 'CARRID',
      lv_value TYPE string VALUE 'LH'.

" Better: Use parameters instead of string concatenation for SQL

DATA: lv_price TYPE p DECIMALS 2 VALUE '1234.50'.

DATA(lv_formatted) = |Price: { lv_price
  DECIMALS = 2
  SIGN = LEFT
  WIDTH = 12
  ALIGN = RIGHT
  PAD = ' '
} EUR|.

WRITE: / lv_formatted.  " Price:      1234.50 EUR

DATA: lv_flag TYPE abap_bool VALUE abap_true.

" XSD format: true/false instead of X/''
DATA(lv_xsd) = |Active: { xsdbool( lv_flag ) }|.
WRITE: / lv_xsd.  " Active: X

" Custom representation
DATA(lv_custom) = |Active: { COND #( WHEN lv_flag = abap_true THEN 'Yes' ELSE 'No' ) }|.

" === CLASSIC ===
DATA: lv_result TYPE string.

CONCATENATE 'Customer' ls_customer-id ':' ls_customer-name
  INTO lv_result SEPARATED BY space.

" Or with &&
lv_result = 'Customer ' && ls_customer-id && ': ' && ls_customer-name.


" === MODERN WITH STRING TEMPLATES ===
DATA(lv_result2) = |Customer { ls_customer-id }: { ls_customer-name }|.