ABAP REDUCE: Aggregating and Accumulating Values

REDUCE <type>(
  INIT <accumulator1> = <start_value1>
       [ <accumulator2> = <start_value2> ... ]
  FOR <variable> IN <table> [ WHERE ( <condition> ) ]
  [ FOR <variable2> ... ]
  NEXT <accumulator1> = <expression1>
       [ <accumulator2> = <expression2> ... ]
)

DATA: lt_numbers TYPE TABLE OF i.

lt_numbers = VALUE #( ( 10 ) ( 20 ) ( 30 ) ( 40 ) ( 50 ) ).

" Classic with LOOP
DATA: lv_sum TYPE i.
LOOP AT lt_numbers INTO DATA(lv_num).
  lv_sum = lv_sum + lv_num.
ENDLOOP.

" Modern with REDUCE
DATA(lv_sum2) = REDUCE i(
  INIT sum = 0
  FOR num IN lt_numbers
  NEXT sum = sum + num
).

WRITE: / 'Sum:', lv_sum2.  " 150

TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_order,
         order_id TYPE i,
         amount   TYPE p DECIMALS 2,
       END OF ty_order.

DATA: lt_orders TYPE TABLE OF ty_order.

lt_orders = VALUE #(
  ( order_id = 1 amount = '100.50' )
  ( order_id = 2 amount = '200.00' )
  ( order_id = 3 amount = '150.75' )
).

" Calculate total amount
DATA(lv_total) = REDUCE p DECIMALS 2(
  INIT total = CONV p DECIMALS 2( 0 )
  FOR ls_order IN lt_orders
  NEXT total = total + ls_order-amount
).

WRITE: / 'Total amount:', lv_total.  " 451.25

TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_product,
         id       TYPE i,
         category TYPE string,
         active   TYPE abap_bool,
       END OF ty_product.

DATA: lt_products TYPE TABLE OF ty_product.

lt_products = VALUE #(
  ( id = 1 category = 'A' active = abap_true )
  ( id = 2 category = 'B' active = abap_false )
  ( id = 3 category = 'A' active = abap_true )
  ( id = 4 category = 'A' active = abap_false )
).

" Count active products in category A
DATA(lv_count) = REDUCE i(
  INIT count = 0
  FOR ls_prod IN lt_products
  WHERE ( category = 'A' AND active = abap_true )
  NEXT count = count + 1
).

WRITE: / 'Count:', lv_count.  " 2

DATA: lt_values TYPE TABLE OF i.

lt_values = VALUE #( ( 42 ) ( 17 ) ( 99 ) ( 8 ) ( 73 ) ).

" Find maximum
DATA(lv_max) = REDUCE i(
  INIT max = 0
  FOR val IN lt_values
  NEXT max = nmax( val1 = max val2 = val )
).

WRITE: / 'Maximum:', lv_max.  " 99

" Find minimum (with first value as start value)
DATA(lv_min) = REDUCE i(
  INIT min = lt_values[ 1 ]
  FOR val IN lt_values
  NEXT min = nmin( val1 = min val2 = val )
).

WRITE: / 'Minimum:', lv_min.  " 8

DATA: lt_names TYPE TABLE OF string.

lt_names = VALUE #( ( `Anna` ) ( `Bernd` ) ( `Clara` ) ).

" Concatenate names with comma
DATA(lv_concat) = REDUCE string(
  INIT result = ``
  FOR name IN lt_names
  NEXT result = COND #(
    WHEN result IS INITIAL THEN name
    ELSE result && `, ` && name
  )
).

WRITE: / lv_concat.  " Anna, Bernd, Clara

TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_stats,
         sum   TYPE i,
         count TYPE i,
       END OF ty_stats.

DATA: lt_numbers TYPE TABLE OF i.

lt_numbers = VALUE #( ( 10 ) ( 20 ) ( 30 ) ( 40 ) ).

" Calculate sum and count simultaneously
DATA(ls_stats) = REDUCE ty_stats(
  INIT sum   = 0
       count = 0
  FOR num IN lt_numbers
  NEXT sum   = sum + num
       count = count + 1
).

DATA(lv_average) = ls_stats-sum / ls_stats-count.

WRITE: / 'Sum:', ls_stats-sum.      " 100
WRITE: / 'Count:', ls_stats-count.   " 4
WRITE: / 'Average:', lv_average. " 25

TYPES: ty_names TYPE TABLE OF string WITH EMPTY KEY.

DATA: lt_persons TYPE TABLE OF ty_person.

lt_persons = VALUE #(
  ( name = 'Max' age = 30 )
  ( name = 'Anna' age = 25 )
  ( name = 'Peter' age = 35 )
).

" Extract names to new table
DATA(lt_names) = REDUCE ty_names(
  INIT names = VALUE ty_names( )
  FOR ls_person IN lt_persons
  NEXT names = VALUE #( BASE names ( ls_person-name ) )
).

" Result: Max, Anna, Peter

TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_sale,
         region TYPE string,
         amount TYPE p DECIMALS 2,
       END OF ty_sale.

DATA: lt_sales TYPE TABLE OF ty_sale.

lt_sales = VALUE #(
  ( region = 'NORTH' amount = '1000.00' )
  ( region = 'SOUTH' amount = '2000.00' )
  ( region = 'NORTH' amount = '1500.00' )
  ( region = 'EAST'  amount = '800.00' )
).

" Sum only for region NORTH
DATA(lv_north_total) = REDUCE p DECIMALS 2(
  INIT total = CONV p DECIMALS 2( 0 )
  FOR ls_sale IN lt_sales
  WHERE ( region = 'NORTH' )
  NEXT total = total + ls_sale-amount
).

WRITE: / 'NORTH Sales:', lv_north_total.  " 2500.00

TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_category,
         name  TYPE string,
         items TYPE TABLE OF i WITH EMPTY KEY,
       END OF ty_category.

DATA: lt_categories TYPE TABLE OF ty_category.

lt_categories = VALUE #(
  ( name = 'A' items = VALUE #( ( 10 ) ( 20 ) ) )
  ( name = 'B' items = VALUE #( ( 30 ) ( 40 ) ( 50 ) ) )
).

" Sum of all items across all categories
DATA(lv_total_all) = REDUCE i(
  INIT total = 0
  FOR ls_cat IN lt_categories
  FOR lv_item IN ls_cat-items
  NEXT total = total + lv_item
).

WRITE: / 'Total sum:', lv_total_all.  " 150

" Iteration with condition (not over table)
DATA(lv_factorial) = REDUCE i(
  INIT fact = 1
       n    = 1
  UNTIL n > 5
  NEXT fact = fact * n
       n    = n + 1
).

WRITE: / '5! =', lv_factorial.  " 120

" With WHILE
DATA(lv_sum_while) = REDUCE i(
  INIT sum = 0
       i   = 1
  WHILE i <= 10
  NEXT sum = sum + i
       i   = i + 1
).

WRITE: / 'Sum 1-10:', lv_sum_while.  " 55

TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_item,
         quantity TYPE i,
         price    TYPE p DECIMALS 2,
       END OF ty_item.

DATA: lt_items TYPE TABLE OF ty_item.

lt_items = VALUE #(
  ( quantity = 5  price = '10.00' )
  ( quantity = 3  price = '25.00' )
  ( quantity = 10 price = '5.00' )
).

" Calculate total value (quantity * price)
DATA(lv_total_value) = REDUCE p DECIMALS 2(
  INIT total = CONV p DECIMALS 2( 0 )
  FOR ls_item IN lt_items
  LET line_total = ls_item-quantity * ls_item-price
  IN
  NEXT total = total + line_total
).

WRITE: / 'Total value:', lv_total_value.  " 175.00

TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_group_result,
         category TYPE string,
         sum      TYPE i,
       END OF ty_group_result,
       ty_group_results TYPE TABLE OF ty_group_result WITH EMPTY KEY.

DATA: lt_items TYPE TABLE OF ty_product.

lt_items = VALUE #(
  ( id = 1 category = 'A' active = abap_true )
  ( id = 2 category = 'B' active = abap_true )
  ( id = 3 category = 'A' active = abap_true )
  ( id = 4 category = 'A' active = abap_false )
  ( id = 5 category = 'B' active = abap_true )
).

" Count per category
DATA(lt_by_category) = REDUCE ty_group_results(
  INIT result = VALUE ty_group_results( )
  FOR ls_item IN lt_items
  FOR GROUPS <group> OF <item> IN lt_items
      GROUP BY <item>-category
  NEXT result = VALUE #(
    BASE result
    ( category = <group> sum = REDUCE i(
        INIT cnt = 0
        FOR m IN GROUP <group>
        NEXT cnt = cnt + 1
      )
    )
  )
).

" Check if AT LEAST ONE element meets the condition (ANY)
DATA(lv_any_active) = REDUCE abap_bool(
  INIT any = abap_false
  FOR ls_prod IN lt_products
  NEXT any = xsdbool( any = abap_true OR ls_prod-active = abap_true )
).

" Check if ALL elements meet the condition (ALL)
DATA(lv_all_active) = REDUCE abap_bool(
  INIT all = abap_true
  FOR ls_prod IN lt_products
  NEXT all = xsdbool( all = abap_true AND ls_prod-active = abap_true )
).

IF lv_any_active = abap_true.
  WRITE: / 'At least one product is active'.
ENDIF.

IF lv_all_active = abap_true.
  WRITE: / 'All products are active'.
ELSE.
  WRITE: / 'Not all products are active'.
ENDIF.

METHODS: display_total
  IMPORTING iv_total TYPE p.

" Directly as parameter
display_total(
  iv_total = REDUCE p DECIMALS 2(
    INIT sum = CONV p DECIMALS 2( 0 )
    FOR ls_order IN lt_orders
    NEXT sum = sum + ls_order-amount
  )
).

" === CLASSIC WITH LOOP ===
DATA: lv_sum   TYPE i,
      lv_count TYPE i,
      lv_max   TYPE i.

LOOP AT lt_numbers INTO DATA(lv_num).
  lv_sum = lv_sum + lv_num.
  lv_count = lv_count + 1.
  IF lv_num > lv_max.
    lv_max = lv_num.
  ENDIF.
ENDLOOP.


" === MODERN WITH REDUCE ===
DATA(ls_result) = REDUCE ty_result(
  INIT sum   = 0
       count = 0
       max   = 0
  FOR num IN lt_numbers
  NEXT sum   = sum + num
       count = count + 1
       max   = nmax( val1 = max val2 = num )
).