Office 365 Mail-Integration auf BTP: E-Mails über Microsoft Graph API versenden

┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│               Office 365 Mail-Integration Architektur                     │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                                          │
│  ┌─────────────────┐     ┌─────────────────┐     ┌─────────────────┐    │
│  │  BTP ABAP       │     │  Microsoft      │     │  Office 365     │    │
│  │  Environment    │────>│  Entra ID       │────>│  Mail Server    │    │
│  │                 │     │  (Azure AD)     │     │                 │    │
│  └─────────────────┘     └─────────────────┘     └─────────────────┘    │
│          │                       │                                       │
│          │                       │                                       │
│          ▼                       ▼                                       │
│  ┌─────────────────┐     ┌─────────────────┐                            │
│  │  Communication  │     │  OAuth 2.0      │                            │
│  │  Arrangement    │     │  Access Token   │                            │
│  └─────────────────┘     └─────────────────┘                            │
│                                                                          │
│  Protokoll: HTTPS + OAuth 2.0 Client Credentials Flow                   │
│  API: Microsoft Graph API (https://graph.microsoft.com)                  │
│                                                                          │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

1. Azure Portal öffnen (portal.azure.com)
2. Microsoft Entra ID → App registrations → New registration

Name: SAP-BTP-Mail-Integration
Supported account types: Accounts in this organizational directory only
Redirect URI: (leer lassen)

3. "Register" klicken

1. App öffnen → Certificates & secrets
2. Client secrets → New client secret

Description: SAP BTP ABAP Environment
Expires: 24 months (empfohlen)

3. "Add" klicken
4. Secret Value SOFORT kopieren und sicher speichern!
   (Wird nur einmal angezeigt)

1. API permissions → Add a permission
2. Microsoft Graph → Application permissions
3. Folgende Berechtigungen hinzufügen:

   ☑ Mail.Send (E-Mails senden)
   ☑ Mail.ReadWrite (optional: Entwürfe erstellen)
   ☑ User.Read.All (optional: Benutzer-Info abrufen)

4. "Add permissions" klicken
5. "Grant admin consent for [Tenant]" klicken

Application (Client) ID: a1b2c3d4-e5f6-7890-abcd-ef1234567890
Directory (Tenant) ID:   12345678-90ab-cdef-1234-567890abcdef
Client Secret:           Xyz123~AbCdEfGhIjKlMnOpQrStUvWx.YZ

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<communicationScenario id="Z_MS_GRAPH_MAIL"
                       scenarioType="customer">
  <description>Microsoft Graph API - Mail Integration</description>

  <outboundServices>
    <service id="Z_MS_GRAPH_API">
      <description>Microsoft Graph REST API</description>
      <serviceType>http</serviceType>
    </service>
  </outboundServices>

  <supportedAuthenticationMethods>
    <method>oauth2_client_credentials</method>
  </supportedAuthenticationMethods>
</communicationScenario>

Fiori App: "Maintain Communication Systems"

System ID: MS_GRAPH_PROD
System Name: Microsoft Graph API

General:
├── Host Name: graph.microsoft.com
├── Port: 443
└── HTTPS: ☑

OAuth 2.0 Settings:
├── Token Service URL Type: Dedicated
├── Token Service URL: https://login.microsoftonline.com/{Tenant-ID}/oauth2/v2.0/token
└── (Ersetze {Tenant-ID} mit deiner Directory/Tenant ID)

Fiori App: "Maintain Communication Arrangements"

Arrangement ID: Z_MS_GRAPH_MAIL_PROD
Scenario: Z_MS_GRAPH_MAIL
Communication System: MS_GRAPH_PROD

Outbound Services:
├── Z_MS_GRAPH_API: Active
└── Path: /v1.0

Authentication Method: OAuth 2.0 Client Credentials
├── Client ID: [Application (Client) ID aus Azure]
├── Client Secret: [Secret aus Azure]
└── Token Service Scope: https://graph.microsoft.com/.default

CLASS zcl_ms_graph_mail DEFINITION
  PUBLIC FINAL
  CREATE PUBLIC.

  PUBLIC SECTION.
    INTERFACES if_oo_adt_classrun.

    TYPES:
      BEGIN OF ty_email_address,
        address TYPE string,
        name    TYPE string,
      END OF ty_email_address,
      tt_email_addresses TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ty_email_address WITH EMPTY KEY.

    TYPES:
      BEGIN OF ty_attachment,
        name         TYPE string,
        content_type TYPE string,
        content      TYPE xstring,
      END OF ty_attachment,
      tt_attachments TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ty_attachment WITH EMPTY KEY.

    METHODS send_mail
      IMPORTING
        iv_sender_mail TYPE string
        iv_subject     TYPE string
        iv_body        TYPE string
        iv_is_html     TYPE abap_bool DEFAULT abap_false
        it_to          TYPE tt_email_addresses
        it_cc          TYPE tt_email_addresses OPTIONAL
        it_bcc         TYPE tt_email_addresses OPTIONAL
        it_attachments TYPE tt_attachments OPTIONAL
      RAISING
        cx_http_dest_provider_error
        cx_web_http_client_error.

  PRIVATE SECTION.
    CONSTANTS:
      c_scenario   TYPE if_com_scenario_factory=>ty_cscn_id VALUE 'Z_MS_GRAPH_MAIL',
      c_service_id TYPE if_com_scenario_factory=>ty_cscn_outb_srv_id VALUE 'Z_MS_GRAPH_API'.

    METHODS get_destination
      RETURNING VALUE(ro_destination) TYPE REF TO if_http_destination
      RAISING   cx_http_dest_provider_error.

    METHODS build_mail_json
      IMPORTING
        iv_subject     TYPE string
        iv_body        TYPE string
        iv_is_html     TYPE abap_bool
        it_to          TYPE tt_email_addresses
        it_cc          TYPE tt_email_addresses
        it_bcc         TYPE tt_email_addresses
        it_attachments TYPE tt_attachments
      RETURNING VALUE(rv_json) TYPE string.

    METHODS build_recipients_json
      IMPORTING it_addresses   TYPE tt_email_addresses
      RETURNING VALUE(rv_json) TYPE string.

    METHODS build_attachments_json
      IMPORTING it_attachments TYPE tt_attachments
      RETURNING VALUE(rv_json) TYPE string.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_ms_graph_mail IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD if_oo_adt_classrun~main.
    " Test-Mail versenden
    TRY.
        send_mail(
          iv_sender_mail = '[email protected]'
          iv_subject     = 'Test aus SAP BTP'
          iv_body        = |<html><body>| &&
                           |<h1>Willkommen</h1>| &&
                           |<p>Dies ist eine Test-E-Mail aus dem SAP BTP ABAP Environment.</p>| &&
                           |<p>Gesendet: { cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) }</p>| &&
                           |</body></html>|
          iv_is_html     = abap_true
          it_to          = VALUE #( ( address = '[email protected]'
                                      name    = 'Max Mustermann' ) ) ).

        out->write( 'E-Mail erfolgreich gesendet!' ).

      CATCH cx_http_dest_provider_error INTO DATA(lx_dest).
        out->write( |Destination-Fehler: { lx_dest->get_text( ) }| ).
      CATCH cx_web_http_client_error INTO DATA(lx_http).
        out->write( |HTTP-Fehler: { lx_http->get_text( ) }| ).
    ENDTRY.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD get_destination.
    ro_destination = cl_http_destination_provider=>create_by_comm_arrangement(
      comm_scenario = c_scenario
      service_id    = c_service_id ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD send_mail.
    " 1. Destination abrufen
    DATA(lo_destination) = get_destination( ).

    " 2. HTTP-Client erstellen
    DATA(lo_client) = cl_web_http_client_manager=>create_by_http_destination(
      i_destination = lo_destination ).

    TRY.
        " 3. Request konfigurieren
        DATA(lo_request) = lo_client->get_http_request( ).

        " Graph API Endpoint: /users/{user-id}/sendMail
        lo_request->set_uri_path( |/users/{ iv_sender_mail }/sendMail| ).

        " 4. JSON-Body erstellen
        DATA(lv_json) = build_mail_json(
          iv_subject     = iv_subject
          iv_body        = iv_body
          iv_is_html     = iv_is_html
          it_to          = it_to
          it_cc          = it_cc
          it_bcc         = it_bcc
          it_attachments = it_attachments ).

        lo_request->set_text( lv_json ).
        lo_request->set_header_field(
          i_name  = 'Content-Type'
          i_value = 'application/json' ).

        " 5. POST ausführen
        DATA(lo_response) = lo_client->execute( if_web_http_client=>post ).
        DATA(lv_status) = lo_response->get_status( )-code.

        " 202 Accepted = Erfolgreich
        IF lv_status <> 202.
          DATA(lv_error) = lo_response->get_text( ).
          RAISE EXCEPTION TYPE cx_web_http_client_error
            EXPORTING
              text = |Mail-Versand fehlgeschlagen: { lv_status } - { lv_error }|.
        ENDIF.

      CLEANUP.
        lo_client->close( ).
    ENDTRY.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD build_mail_json.
    " Microsoft Graph Mail JSON-Struktur erstellen
    DATA(lv_content_type) = COND string( WHEN iv_is_html = abap_true
                                         THEN 'HTML'
                                         ELSE 'Text' ).

    rv_json = |\{| &&
              |  "message": \{| &&
              |    "subject": "{ escape( val = iv_subject format = cl_abap_format=>e_json_string ) }",| &&
              |    "body": \{| &&
              |      "contentType": "{ lv_content_type }",| &&
              |      "content": "{ escape( val = iv_body format = cl_abap_format=>e_json_string ) }"| &&
              |    \},| &&
              |    "toRecipients": { build_recipients_json( it_to ) }|.

    " CC hinzufügen (falls vorhanden)
    IF it_cc IS NOT INITIAL.
      rv_json = rv_json && |,| &&
                |    "ccRecipients": { build_recipients_json( it_cc ) }|.
    ENDIF.

    " BCC hinzufügen (falls vorhanden)
    IF it_bcc IS NOT INITIAL.
      rv_json = rv_json && |,| &&
                |    "bccRecipients": { build_recipients_json( it_bcc ) }|.
    ENDIF.

    " Anhänge hinzufügen (falls vorhanden)
    IF it_attachments IS NOT INITIAL.
      rv_json = rv_json && |,| &&
                |    "attachments": { build_attachments_json( it_attachments ) }|.
    ENDIF.

    rv_json = rv_json &&
              |  \},| &&
              |  "saveToSentItems": "true"| &&
              |\}|.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD build_recipients_json.
    DATA: lt_json TYPE TABLE OF string.

    LOOP AT it_addresses INTO DATA(ls_address).
      DATA(lv_entry) = |\{| &&
                       |  "emailAddress": \{| &&
                       |    "address": "{ ls_address-address }"|.

      IF ls_address-name IS NOT INITIAL.
        lv_entry = lv_entry && |,| &&
                   |    "name": "{ escape( val = ls_address-name format = cl_abap_format=>e_json_string ) }"|.
      ENDIF.

      lv_entry = lv_entry && |  \}| &&
                             |\}|.

      APPEND lv_entry TO lt_json.
    ENDLOOP.

    rv_json = |[{ concat_lines_of( table = lt_json sep = `, ` ) }]|.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD build_attachments_json.
    DATA: lt_json TYPE TABLE OF string.

    LOOP AT it_attachments INTO DATA(ls_attachment).
      " Base64-Encoding des Inhalts
      DATA(lv_base64) = cl_web_http_utility=>encode_x_base64( ls_attachment-content ).

      DATA(lv_entry) = |\{| &&
                       |  "@odata.type": "#microsoft.graph.fileAttachment",| &&
                       |  "name": "{ escape( val = ls_attachment-name format = cl_abap_format=>e_json_string ) }",| &&
                       |  "contentType": "{ ls_attachment-content_type }",| &&
                       |  "contentBytes": "{ lv_base64 }"| &&
                       |\}|.

      APPEND lv_entry TO lt_json.
    ENDLOOP.

    rv_json = |[{ concat_lines_of( table = lt_json sep = `, ` ) }]|.
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

DATA(lo_mail) = NEW zcl_ms_graph_mail( ).

lo_mail->send_mail(
  iv_sender_mail = '[email protected]'
  iv_subject     = 'Bestellung bestätigt'
  iv_body        = |Sehr geehrter Kunde,\n\n| &&
                   |Ihre Bestellung wurde erfolgreich erfasst.\n\n| &&
                   |Mit freundlichen Grüßen\n| &&
                   |Ihr SAP-System|
  it_to          = VALUE #( ( address = '[email protected]'
                              name    = 'Max Mustermann' ) ) ).

DATA(lo_mail) = NEW zcl_ms_graph_mail( ).

DATA(lv_html) = |<html>| &&
                |<head>| &&
                |  <style>| &&
                |    body \{ font-family: Arial, sans-serif; \}| &&
                |    h1 \{ color: #0070c0; \}| &&
                |    .highlight \{ background-color: #fff3cd; padding: 10px; \}| &&
                |  </style>| &&
                |</head>| &&
                |<body>| &&
                |  <h1>Buchungsbestätigung</h1>| &&
                |  <p>Sehr geehrter Herr Mustermann,</p>| &&
                |  <p>Ihre Flugbuchung wurde erfolgreich angelegt:</p>| &&
                |  <div class="highlight">| &&
                |    <strong>Buchungsnummer:</strong> FB-2026-001234<br>| &&
                |    <strong>Flug:</strong> LH 100<br>| &&
                |    <strong>Route:</strong> Frankfurt → New York<br>| &&
                |    <strong>Datum:</strong> 15.03.2026| &&
                |  </div>| &&
                |  <p>Mit freundlichen Grüßen,<br>Ihr Reisebüro</p>| &&
                |</body>| &&
                |</html>|.

lo_mail->send_mail(
  iv_sender_mail = '[email protected]'
  iv_subject     = 'Ihre Buchungsbestätigung FB-2026-001234'
  iv_body        = lv_html
  iv_is_html     = abap_true
  it_to          = VALUE #( ( address = '[email protected]'
                              name    = 'Max Mustermann' ) )
  it_cc          = VALUE #( ( address = '[email protected]' ) ) ).

DATA(lo_mail) = NEW zcl_ms_graph_mail( ).

" CSV-Daten als Anhang
DATA(lv_csv) = |Buchungsnummer;Kunde;Betrag\n| &&
               |FB-001;Müller;1250.00\n| &&
               |FB-002;Schmidt;890.50\n| &&
               |FB-003;Weber;2100.00|.

" String zu XString konvertieren
DATA(lv_csv_xstring) = cl_abap_codepage=>convert_to(
  source = lv_csv
  codepage = 'UTF-8' ).

" PDF-Inhalt (z.B. aus RAP Action oder Adobe Forms)
DATA: lv_pdf_xstring TYPE xstring.
" ... PDF generieren ...

lo_mail->send_mail(
  iv_sender_mail = '[email protected]'
  iv_subject     = 'Monatlicher Buchungsbericht'
  iv_body        = |<html><body>| &&
                   |<p>Anbei finden Sie den Buchungsbericht für Februar 2026.</p>| &&
                   |</body></html>|
  iv_is_html     = abap_true
  it_to          = VALUE #( ( address = '[email protected]'
                              name    = 'Geschäftsleitung' ) )
  it_attachments = VALUE #(
    ( name         = 'buchungen_2026-02.csv'
      content_type = 'text/csv'
      content      = lv_csv_xstring )
    ( name         = 'bericht_2026-02.pdf'
      content_type = 'application/pdf'
      content      = lv_pdf_xstring ) ) ).

METHOD send_booking_confirmation.
  " RAP Action: Buchungsbestätigung per E-Mail senden

  READ ENTITIES OF zi_flightbook IN LOCAL MODE
    ENTITY FlightBook
    ALL FIELDS WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
    RESULT DATA(lt_bookings).

  LOOP AT lt_bookings INTO DATA(ls_booking).
    " E-Mail-Adresse des Kunden ermitteln
    SELECT SINGLE email FROM zcustomer
      WHERE customer_id = @ls_booking-CustomerId
      INTO @DATA(lv_customer_email).

    IF sy-subrc = 0 AND lv_customer_email IS NOT INITIAL.
      TRY.
          DATA(lo_mail) = NEW zcl_ms_graph_mail( ).

          DATA(lv_body) = |<html><body>| &&
                          |<h2>Buchungsbestätigung</h2>| &&
                          |<p>Ihre Buchung wurde bestätigt:</p>| &&
                          |<ul>| &&
                          |  <li><strong>Buchungsnr.:</strong> { ls_booking-BookingId }</li>| &&
                          |  <li><strong>Flug:</strong> { ls_booking-FlightNumber }</li>| &&
                          |  <li><strong>Datum:</strong> { ls_booking-FlightDate }</li>| &&
                          |  <li><strong>Status:</strong> { ls_booking-Status }</li>| &&
                          |</ul>| &&
                          |</body></html>|.

          lo_mail->send_mail(
            iv_sender_mail = '[email protected]'
            iv_subject     = |Buchungsbestätigung { ls_booking-BookingId }|
            iv_body        = lv_body
            iv_is_html     = abap_true
            it_to          = VALUE #( ( address = lv_customer_email ) ) ).

          " Erfolgsmeldung
          APPEND VALUE #(
            %tky = ls_booking-%tky
            %msg = new_message_with_text(
              severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-success
              text     = |E-Mail an { lv_customer_email } gesendet| )
          ) TO reported-flightbook.

        CATCH cx_root INTO DATA(lx_error).
          " Fehlermeldung
          APPEND VALUE #(
            %tky = ls_booking-%tky
            %msg = new_message_with_text(
              severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error
              text     = |Mail-Fehler: { lx_error->get_text( ) }| )
          ) TO reported-flightbook.
      ENDTRY.
    ENDIF.
  ENDLOOP.
ENDMETHOD.

CLASS zcl_ms_graph_mail_ext DEFINITION
  PUBLIC FINAL
  CREATE PUBLIC.

  PUBLIC SECTION.
    TYPES:
      BEGIN OF ty_mail_result,
        success TYPE abap_bool,
        message TYPE string,
        error_code TYPE string,
      END OF ty_mail_result.

    METHODS send_mail_safe
      IMPORTING
        iv_sender_mail TYPE string
        iv_subject     TYPE string
        iv_body        TYPE string
        iv_is_html     TYPE abap_bool DEFAULT abap_false
        it_to          TYPE zcl_ms_graph_mail=>tt_email_addresses
      RETURNING VALUE(rs_result) TYPE ty_mail_result.

  PRIVATE SECTION.
    METHODS parse_graph_error
      IMPORTING iv_json          TYPE string
      RETURNING VALUE(rv_error)  TYPE string.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_ms_graph_mail_ext IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD send_mail_safe.
    TRY.
        DATA(lo_mail) = NEW zcl_ms_graph_mail( ).

        lo_mail->send_mail(
          iv_sender_mail = iv_sender_mail
          iv_subject     = iv_subject
          iv_body        = iv_body
          iv_is_html     = iv_is_html
          it_to          = it_to ).

        rs_result = VALUE #(
          success = abap_true
          message = 'E-Mail erfolgreich gesendet' ).

      CATCH cx_http_dest_provider_error INTO DATA(lx_dest).
        rs_result = VALUE #(
          success    = abap_false
          message    = lx_dest->get_text( )
          error_code = 'DESTINATION_ERROR' ).

      CATCH cx_web_http_client_error INTO DATA(lx_http).
        rs_result = VALUE #(
          success    = abap_false
          message    = lx_http->get_text( )
          error_code = 'HTTP_ERROR' ).
    ENDTRY.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD parse_graph_error.
    " Microsoft Graph Fehler-JSON parsen
    " Beispiel: {"error":{"code":"InvalidAuthenticationToken","message":"..."}}
    TRY.
        DATA: BEGIN OF ls_error,
                BEGIN OF error,
                  code    TYPE string,
                  message TYPE string,
                END OF error,
              END OF ls_error.

        /ui2/cl_json=>deserialize(
          EXPORTING json = iv_json
          CHANGING  data = ls_error ).

        rv_error = |{ ls_error-error-code }: { ls_error-error-message }|.

      CATCH cx_root.
        rv_error = iv_json.
    ENDTRY.
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

Limit: 10.000 Anfragen pro 10 Minuten pro App
       10.000 E-Mails pro Tag pro Mailbox

Best Practice:
- Batch-Versand vermeiden
- Bei 429: Retry-After Header beachten
- Application Logging für Monitoring

1. Microsoft 365 Admin Center → Teams & Groups → Shared Mailboxes
2. "Add a shared mailbox" klicken
3. Name: SAP-Notifications
   Email: [email protected]
4. Mailbox erstellen
5. In Azure AD: App-Permission Mail.Send erlaubt Versand über diese Mailbox

METHOD send_mail_with_logging.
  " Logging initialisieren
  DATA(lo_log) = cl_bali_log=>create_with_header(
    header = cl_bali_header_setter=>create( )->set_object( 'ZMS_GRAPH' )
                                             ->set_subobject( 'MAIL' ) ).

  TRY.
      DATA(lo_mail) = NEW zcl_ms_graph_mail( ).
      lo_mail->send_mail(
        iv_sender_mail = iv_sender
        iv_subject     = iv_subject
        iv_body        = iv_body
        it_to          = it_recipients ).

      " Erfolg loggen
      lo_log->add_item( cl_bali_message_setter=>create(
        severity = if_bali_constants=>c_severity_status
        id       = 'ZMS_GRAPH'
        number   = '001' )->set_text( |Mail an { it_recipients[ 1 ]-address } gesendet| ) ).

    CATCH cx_root INTO DATA(lx_error).
      " Fehler loggen
      lo_log->add_item( cl_bali_message_setter=>create(
        severity = if_bali_constants=>c_severity_error
        id       = 'ZMS_GRAPH'
        number   = '002' )->set_text( |Fehler: { lx_error->get_text( ) }| ) ).
  ENDTRY.

  " Log speichern
  cl_bali_log_db=>get_instance( )->save_log( lo_log ).
ENDMETHOD.