ABAP Cloud in S/4HANA Public Cloud: Entwicklung & Extensibility

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                   SAP-verwaltete Landschaft              │
├─────────────────┬─────────────────┬─────────────────────┤
│  Development    │    Test         │    Production       │
│  (DEV)          │    (TST/QAS)    │    (PRD)            │
├─────────────────┼─────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│  Entwicklung    │  Integrations-  │  Produktiver        │
│  & Unit Tests   │  tests          │  Betrieb            │
├─────────────────┼─────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│  ABAP Cloud     │  Transportierte │  Transportierte     │
│  Entwickler     │  Objekte testen │  Objekte aktiv      │
└─────────────────┴─────────────────┴─────────────────────┘
         │                │                  │
         └───── Transport ─────► Transport ──┘
                (automatisiert über SAP-Prozesse)

" Software Component Struktur
" /NAMESPACE/COMPONENT_NAME

" Beispiel-Struktur:
" ZEXT_SALES
"   ├── ZEXT_SALES_CDS         " CDS Views
"   ├── ZEXT_SALES_BP          " Behavior Pools
"   ├── ZEXT_SALES_IF          " Interfaces
"   └── ZEXT_SALES_CL          " Klassen

" Prüfen, ob eine API released ist:
" In ADT: Rechtsklick → Properties → API State

" Released APIs haben:
" - Stability Contract: Released
" - Visibility: Public
" - Cloud-Kompatibilität: Ja

" ❌ Nicht erlaubt in S/4HANA Public Cloud:

" Direkte Tabellenzugriffe auf SAP-Tabellen
SELECT * FROM mara INTO TABLE @lt_mara.  " Verboten!

" Nicht freigegebene Funktionsbausteine
CALL FUNCTION 'BAPI_MATERIAL_GET_DETAIL'.  " Verboten!

" Klassische ALV-Reports
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'.  " Verboten!

" SAP GUI-Transaktionen
CALL TRANSACTION 'MM03'.  " Verboten!

" ✅ Stattdessen Released APIs nutzen:

" CDS Views für Datenabfrage
SELECT * FROM I_Product
  WHERE Product = @lv_product
  INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_products).

" RAP für Geschäftslogik
DATA(lo_product) = cl_product_api=>create_instance( ).
lo_product->get_details( EXPORTING iv_product = lv_product
                         IMPORTING es_details = ls_details ).

" OData Services für Integration
" → Fiori Elements Apps nutzen

CLASS zcl_api_checker DEFINITION
  PUBLIC FINAL
  CREATE PUBLIC.

  PUBLIC SECTION.
    INTERFACES if_oo_adt_classrun.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_api_checker IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD if_oo_adt_classrun~main.
    " XCO nutzen, um API-Status zu prüfen
    DATA(lo_class) = xco_cp_abap_repository=>object->clas->for( 'CL_ABAP_RANDOM' ).

    IF lo_class->exists( ).
      DATA(lv_api_state) = lo_class->content(
        )->get_api_state(
        )->get_release_state( ).

      out->write( |API State: { lv_api_state }| ).
    ENDIF.

    " CDS View prüfen
    DATA(lo_view) = xco_cp_cds=>view( 'I_PRODUCT' ).
    IF lo_view->exists( ).
      out->write( 'I_PRODUCT ist verfügbar' ).
    ENDIF.
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│            Extensibility-Pyramide                │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  ▲  Custom Applications (RAP Business Objects)  │
│  │  ─────────────────────────────────────────   │
│  │  Behavior Extensions (RAP Erweiterungen)     │
│  │  ─────────────────────────────────────────   │
│  │  CDS View Extensions (Felderweiterungen)     │
│  │  ─────────────────────────────────────────   │
│  │  BAdI Implementations (Geschäftslogik)       │
│  │  ─────────────────────────────────────────   │
│  ▼  Key User Extensibility (No-Code)            │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
  Komplexität ▲                    ▼ Einfachheit

CLASS zcl_badi_salesorder DEFINITION
  PUBLIC FINAL
  CREATE PUBLIC.

  PUBLIC SECTION.
    " BAdI für Sales Order Erweiterung
    INTERFACES if_sd_sales_order_create.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_badi_salesorder IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD if_sd_sales_order_create~validate.
    " Eigene Validierung bei Auftragsanlage
    LOOP AT it_sales_order_item ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<ls_item>).
      " Prüfe Mindestbestellmenge für bestimmte Kunden
      IF <ls_item>-sold_to_party IN lr_vip_customers
        AND <ls_item>-order_quantity < 100.

        APPEND VALUE #(
          item_number = <ls_item>-item_number
          message = 'VIP-Kunden: Mindestbestellmenge 100 Stück'
          severity = 'E'
        ) TO ct_messages.
      ENDIF.
    ENDLOOP.
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

" Behavior Extension für I_SalesOrderTP
" (wenn von SAP für Erweiterung freigegeben)

extension using interface /sap/bc/i_salesordertp_ext
implementation in class zbp_ext_salesorder unique;

extend behavior for SalesOrder
{
  " Zusätzliche Validierung
  validation validateCustomPriority on save
  { field CustomerPriority; }

  " Zusätzliche Determination
  determination setDefaultPriority on modify
  { field SoldToParty; }

  " Zusätzliche Action
  action ( features : instance ) escalatePriority result [1] $self;
}

CLASS zbp_ext_salesorder DEFINITION
  PUBLIC ABSTRACT FINAL
  FOR BEHAVIOR OF i_salesordertp_ext.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS zbp_ext_salesorder IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD validateCustomPriority.
    " Eigene Validierungslogik
    READ ENTITIES OF i_salesordertp_ext IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY SalesOrder
      FIELDS ( CustomerPriority SoldToParty )
      WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(lt_orders).

    LOOP AT lt_orders ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<ls_order>).
      IF <ls_order>-CustomerPriority IS INITIAL.
        APPEND VALUE #(
          %tky = <ls_order>-%tky
          %msg = new_message_with_text(
            severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error
            text = 'Kundenpriorität muss gepflegt werden'
          )
        ) TO reported-salesorder.

        APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <ls_order>-%tky ) TO failed-salesorder.
      ENDIF.
    ENDLOOP.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD setDefaultPriority.
    " Standardpriorität basierend auf Kunde setzen
    READ ENTITIES OF i_salesordertp_ext IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY SalesOrder
      FIELDS ( SoldToParty CustomerPriority )
      WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(lt_orders).

    LOOP AT lt_orders ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<ls_order>)
      WHERE CustomerPriority IS INITIAL.

      " Prüfe Kundenkategorie
      SELECT SINGLE CustomerClassification
        FROM I_Customer
        WHERE Customer = @<ls_order>-SoldToParty
        INTO @DATA(lv_classification).

      DATA(lv_priority) = SWITCH #( lv_classification
        WHEN 'A' THEN 'HIGH'
        WHEN 'B' THEN 'MEDIUM'
        ELSE 'LOW'
      ).

      MODIFY ENTITIES OF i_salesordertp_ext IN LOCAL MODE
        ENTITY SalesOrder
        UPDATE FIELDS ( CustomerPriority )
        WITH VALUE #( (
          %tky = <ls_order>-%tky
          CustomerPriority = lv_priority
        ) ).
    ENDLOOP.
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

@EndUserText.label : 'Customer Inquiries'
@AbapCatalog.enhancement.category : #NOT_EXTENSIBLE
@AbapCatalog.tableCategory : #TRANSPARENT
@AbapCatalog.deliveryClass : #A
define table zinquiry {
  key client      : abap.clnt not null;
  key inquiry_id  : sysuuid_x16 not null;
  customer        : kunnr;
  inquiry_type    : abap.char(4);
  subject         : abap.char(100);
  description     : abap.string(0);
  priority        : abap.char(1);
  status          : abap.char(2);
  created_by      : abap.uname;
  created_at      : timestampl;
  changed_by      : abap.uname;
  changed_at      : timestampl;
}

@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #CHECK
@Metadata.allowExtensions: true
@EndUserText.label: 'Customer Inquiry'
define root view entity ZI_Inquiry
  as select from zinquiry
  association [0..1] to I_Customer as _Customer
    on $projection.Customer = _Customer.Customer
{
  key inquiry_id    as InquiryId,
      customer      as Customer,
      inquiry_type  as InquiryType,
      subject       as Subject,
      description   as Description,
      priority      as Priority,
      status        as Status,

      @Semantics.user.createdBy: true
      created_by    as CreatedBy,
      @Semantics.systemDateTime.createdAt: true
      created_at    as CreatedAt,
      @Semantics.user.lastChangedBy: true
      changed_by    as ChangedBy,
      @Semantics.systemDateTime.lastChangedAt: true
      changed_at    as ChangedAt,

      _Customer
}

managed implementation in class zbp_i_inquiry unique;
strict ( 2 );
with draft;

define behavior for ZI_Inquiry alias Inquiry
persistent table zinquiry
draft table zinquiry_d
lock master total etag ChangedAt
authorization master ( instance )
etag master ChangedAt
{
  create;
  update;
  delete;

  field ( readonly ) InquiryId, CreatedBy, CreatedAt, ChangedBy, ChangedAt;
  field ( mandatory ) Customer, InquiryType, Subject;

  determination setInquiryId on save { create; }
  determination setDefaultStatus on modify { create; }

  validation validateCustomer on save { field Customer; }
  validation validatePriority on save { field Priority; }

  action ( features : instance ) escalate result [1] $self;
  action ( features : instance ) close result [1] $self;

  draft action Edit;
  draft action Activate optimized;
  draft action Discard;
  draft action Resume;
  draft determine action Prepare;

  mapping for zinquiry corresponding
  {
    InquiryId = inquiry_id;
    Customer = customer;
    InquiryType = inquiry_type;
    Subject = subject;
    Description = description;
    Priority = priority;
    Status = status;
    CreatedBy = created_by;
    CreatedAt = created_at;
    ChangedBy = changed_by;
    ChangedAt = changed_at;
  }
}

CLASS zbp_i_inquiry DEFINITION
  PUBLIC ABSTRACT FINAL
  FOR BEHAVIOR OF zi_inquiry.

  PRIVATE SECTION.
    CONSTANTS:
      BEGIN OF gc_status,
        open       TYPE c LENGTH 2 VALUE '01',
        in_process TYPE c LENGTH 2 VALUE '02',
        escalated  TYPE c LENGTH 2 VALUE '03',
        closed     TYPE c LENGTH 2 VALUE '04',
      END OF gc_status.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS zbp_i_inquiry IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD setInquiryId.
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_inquiry IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Inquiry
      FIELDS ( InquiryId )
      WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(lt_inquiries).

    DATA lt_inquiries_update TYPE TABLE FOR UPDATE zi_inquiry.

    LOOP AT lt_inquiries ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<ls_inquiry>)
      WHERE InquiryId IS INITIAL.

      TRY.
        DATA(lv_uuid) = cl_system_uuid=>create_uuid_x16_static( ).
      CATCH cx_uuid_error.
        CONTINUE.
      ENDTRY.

      APPEND VALUE #(
        %tky = <ls_inquiry>-%tky
        InquiryId = lv_uuid
        %control-InquiryId = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
      ) TO lt_inquiries_update.
    ENDLOOP.

    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_inquiry IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Inquiry
      UPDATE FIELDS ( InquiryId )
      WITH lt_inquiries_update.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD setDefaultStatus.
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_inquiry IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Inquiry
      FIELDS ( Status )
      WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(lt_inquiries).

    DATA lt_inquiries_update TYPE TABLE FOR UPDATE zi_inquiry.

    LOOP AT lt_inquiries ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<ls_inquiry>)
      WHERE Status IS INITIAL.

      APPEND VALUE #(
        %tky = <ls_inquiry>-%tky
        Status = gc_status-open
        %control-Status = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
      ) TO lt_inquiries_update.
    ENDLOOP.

    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_inquiry IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Inquiry
      UPDATE FIELDS ( Status )
      WITH lt_inquiries_update.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD validateCustomer.
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_inquiry IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Inquiry
      FIELDS ( Customer )
      WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(lt_inquiries).

    " Sammle alle Kunden für Massenprüfung
    DATA lt_customers TYPE SORTED TABLE OF kunnr WITH UNIQUE KEY table_line.
    LOOP AT lt_inquiries ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<ls_inquiry>).
      INSERT <ls_inquiry>-Customer INTO TABLE lt_customers.
    ENDLOOP.

    " Prüfe Existenz über Released CDS View
    SELECT Customer
      FROM I_Customer
      WHERE Customer IN @lt_customers
      INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_valid_customers).

    " Validiere
    LOOP AT lt_inquiries ASSIGNING <ls_inquiry>.
      IF NOT line_exists( lt_valid_customers[ Customer = <ls_inquiry>-Customer ] ).
        APPEND VALUE #(
          %tky = <ls_inquiry>-%tky
          %msg = new_message_with_text(
            severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error
            text = |Kunde { <ls_inquiry>-Customer } existiert nicht|
          )
        ) TO reported-inquiry.

        APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <ls_inquiry>-%tky ) TO failed-inquiry.
      ENDIF.
    ENDLOOP.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD validatePriority.
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_inquiry IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Inquiry
      FIELDS ( Priority )
      WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(lt_inquiries).

    LOOP AT lt_inquiries ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<ls_inquiry>).
      IF <ls_inquiry>-Priority NOT IN VALUE #( ( 'H' ) ( 'M' ) ( 'L' ) ).
        APPEND VALUE #(
          %tky = <ls_inquiry>-%tky
          %msg = new_message_with_text(
            severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error
            text = 'Priorität muss H (Hoch), M (Mittel) oder L (Niedrig) sein'
          )
        ) TO reported-inquiry.

        APPEND VALUE #( %tky = <ls_inquiry>-%tky ) TO failed-inquiry.
      ENDIF.
    ENDLOOP.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD escalate.
    " Status auf Eskaliert setzen
    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_inquiry IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Inquiry
      UPDATE FIELDS ( Status Priority )
      WITH VALUE #( FOR key IN keys (
        %tky = key-%tky
        Status = gc_status-escalated
        Priority = 'H'  " Automatisch hohe Priorität
        %control-Status = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
        %control-Priority = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
      ) ).

    " Ergebnis zurückgeben
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_inquiry IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Inquiry
      ALL FIELDS
      WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(lt_inquiries).

    result = VALUE #( FOR inquiry IN lt_inquiries (
      %tky = inquiry-%tky
      %param = inquiry
    ) ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD close.
    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_inquiry IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Inquiry
      UPDATE FIELDS ( Status )
      WITH VALUE #( FOR key IN keys (
        %tky = key-%tky
        Status = gc_status-closed
        %control-Status = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
      ) ).

    READ ENTITIES OF zi_inquiry IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Inquiry
      ALL FIELDS
      WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(lt_inquiries).

    result = VALUE #( FOR inquiry IN lt_inquiries (
      %tky = inquiry-%tky
      %param = inquiry
    ) ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD get_instance_features.
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_inquiry IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Inquiry
      FIELDS ( Status )
      WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(lt_inquiries).

    result = VALUE #( FOR inquiry IN lt_inquiries (
      %tky = inquiry-%tky
      " Escalate nur möglich wenn nicht schon eskaliert oder geschlossen
      %action-escalate = COND #(
        WHEN inquiry-Status = gc_status-escalated OR inquiry-Status = gc_status-closed
        THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled
        ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled
      )
      " Close nur möglich wenn nicht schon geschlossen
      %action-close = COND #(
        WHEN inquiry-Status = gc_status-closed
        THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled
        ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled
      )
    ) ).
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_inquiry_customer_integration DEFINITION
  PUBLIC FINAL
  CREATE PUBLIC.

  PUBLIC SECTION.
    INTERFACES if_oo_adt_classrun.

    TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_customer_inquiries,
             customer_id    TYPE kunnr,
             customer_name  TYPE bu_name1st,
             open_inquiries TYPE i,
             avg_resolution TYPE i,
           END OF ty_customer_inquiries.

    METHODS get_customer_inquiry_stats
      RETURNING VALUE(rt_stats) TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ty_customer_inquiries.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_inquiry_customer_integration IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD if_oo_adt_classrun~main.
    DATA(lt_stats) = get_customer_inquiry_stats( ).

    out->write( 'Kundenanfragen-Statistik:' ).
    out->write( '─────────────────────────────────────────────' ).

    LOOP AT lt_stats ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<ls_stat>).
      out->write( |Kunde: { <ls_stat>-customer_name }| ).
      out->write( |  Offene Anfragen: { <ls_stat>-open_inquiries }| ).
      out->write( |  Ø Bearbeitungszeit: { <ls_stat>-avg_resolution } Tage| ).
      out->write( '' ).
    ENDLOOP.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD get_customer_inquiry_stats.
    " Kombiniere eigene Tabelle mit S/4HANA Kundenstamm
    SELECT
      i~customer AS customer_id,
      c~CustomerName AS customer_name,
      COUNT( CASE WHEN i~status <> '04' THEN 1 END ) AS open_inquiries,
      AVG( DATS_DAYS_BETWEEN(
        i~created_at,
        CASE WHEN i~status = '04' THEN i~changed_at ELSE @sy-datum END
      ) ) AS avg_resolution
    FROM zinquiry AS i
    INNER JOIN I_Customer AS c ON i~customer = c~Customer
    GROUP BY i~customer, c~CustomerName
    INTO TABLE @rt_stats.
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

" Service Definition
@EndUserText.label: 'Inquiry Service'
define service ZUI_INQUIRY_O4 {
  expose ZC_Inquiry as Inquiry;
}

" Consumption View mit UI-Annotationen
@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #CHECK
@Metadata.allowExtensions: true
@UI.headerInfo: {
  typeName: 'Kundenanfrage',
  typeNamePlural: 'Kundenanfragen',
  title: { value: 'Subject' },
  description: { value: 'Customer' }
}
define view entity ZC_Inquiry
  as projection on ZI_Inquiry
{
  @UI.facet: [{
    id: 'GeneralInfo',
    type: #IDENTIFICATION_REFERENCE,
    label: 'Allgemeine Informationen',
    position: 10
  }]

  @UI.lineItem: [{ position: 10 }]
  @UI.identification: [{ position: 10 }]
  key InquiryId,

  @UI.lineItem: [{ position: 20 }]
  @UI.identification: [{ position: 20 }]
  @UI.selectionField: [{ position: 10 }]
  @Consumption.valueHelpDefinition: [{ entity: { name: 'I_Customer', element: 'Customer' } }]
  Customer,

  @UI.lineItem: [{ position: 30 }]
  @UI.identification: [{ position: 30 }]
  @UI.selectionField: [{ position: 20 }]
  InquiryType,

  @UI.lineItem: [{ position: 40 }]
  @UI.identification: [{ position: 40 }]
  Subject,

  @UI.identification: [{ position: 50 }]
  Description,

  @UI.lineItem: [{ position: 50, criticality: 'PriorityCriticality' }]
  @UI.identification: [{ position: 60 }]
  @UI.selectionField: [{ position: 30 }]
  Priority,

  @UI.lineItem: [{ position: 60, criticality: 'StatusCriticality' }]
  @UI.identification: [{ position: 70 }]
  @UI.selectionField: [{ position: 40 }]
  Status,

  @UI.lineItem: [{ position: 70 }]
  CreatedAt,

  CreatedBy,
  ChangedAt,
  ChangedBy,

  " Criticality für Semantic Coloring
  case Priority
    when 'H' then 1  " Rot
    when 'M' then 2  " Gelb
    else 3           " Grün
  end as PriorityCriticality,

  case Status
    when '03' then 1  " Eskaliert = Rot
    when '01' then 2  " Offen = Gelb
    when '02' then 2  " In Bearbeitung = Gelb
    else 3            " Geschlossen = Grün
  end as StatusCriticality,

  _Customer
}

✅ Nur Released APIs verwenden
✅ Software Components für Modularität nutzen
✅ Unit Tests schreiben (ABAP Unit)
✅ Clean ABAP Guidelines befolgen
✅ Dokumentation in ABAP Doc pflegen
✅ Feature Control für Actions nutzen
✅ Authorization Checks implementieren

❌ Direkte Zugriffe auf SAP-Tabellen
❌ Nicht freigegebene APIs verwenden
❌ Hardcoded System-IDs oder Mandanten
❌ Synchrone HTTP-Aufrufe in Transaktionen
❌ Lange laufende Prozesse ohne Background Processing
❌ Komplexe Logik ohne Modularisierung